[1] Dr. S.K. Kapoor, Public International Law, Lucknow, Central Law Agency, 2021) p.100-102.

[2] M.P. Tandon, Public International Law, ( Faridabad, Allahabad Law Agency, 2010) p. 320-323.

[3] R.C. Hingorani, Modern International Law, (New Delhi, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co, PVT Ltd, 1993) p.398-399.

[4] Rupert Maclean- David N. Wilson, International Handbook of Education for the changing world of work, (London, UNEVOC, 2009), p.345-346.

[1] Indian Penal Code, 1860, 149, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1949 (India).

[2] Bhudeo Mandal V. State of Bihar, 1981 AIR 1219 SCR (3) 291.

[3] Ram Dhani & Ors. V. State of UP, 1997 CriLJ 2286.

[4] Vijay Pandurang Thakre & Ors V. State of Maharashtra AIR 2011 SC 1305.

[5] Mohd. Shoaib Ansari & Ors V. State & Anr AIR 2022 SC 862.

[6] 72 I.A. 148(P.C.).

[7] Barendra Kumar Ghosh V. King Emperor (1925) 27 BOMLR 148.

[8] Jaswant Singh v. state of Haryana, AIR 2000 SCR 903.

[9] Karnail Singh And Another vs The State of Punjab, AIR 1954 SCR 904.

[10] Ram Yadav vs State of Bihar, 1996.

[11] Ramaswami Ayyangar v. State of T.N, AIR 1976 SCR 580 SCC (3) 574.

[12]Lalji v. State of U.P, AIR 1989 SCR (1) 130 SCC (1) 437.

[13] Virendra Singh v State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1989 SCR (1) 130 SCC 437.

[14] Mahbub Shah v. King Emperor, 1945 47.

[15] Mahbub Shah vs Emperor, (Dec. 18, 2023).  

[16] Moti Das v. Bihar, AIR 1954 SC 657.

[17] UP v. Iftikhar Khan, AIR 1973 SCR 863 SCC 512.

[18] Rambilas Singh v. State of Bihar, 1963.

[19]ICLR, https://www.iclr.co.uk/knowledge/glossary/mens-rea-and-actus-reus/,(Dec. 18, 2023)   

[20] Mohan Singh v State of Punjab, 1970

[21] UP v. Iftikhar Khan, AIR 1973 SCR 863 SCC 512

[1] Prateek Arora, 'Does India Need a 'Right to Repair' Legislation?' (The Daily Guardian, 13th August)

accessed 4 October 2021.

[2] Rahil Philipose, 'Explained: What is the ‘right to repair’ movement?' (The Indian Express, 14 July 2021)

accessed 4 October 2021.

[3] Id.

[4] Id.

[5] The Hindu Net Desk, 'The Right to Repair Movement' (The Hindu, 4 August 2021)

www.thehindu.com/news/international/right-to-repair-movement/article35722520.ece> accessed 4

October 2021.

[6] Supra, note 5.

[7] Id.

[8] Anonymous, 'Should Make in India come with Right to Repair?' (The Times of India, 7 October 2019)

accessed 4 October 2021.

[9] Jai Vipra, '‘Right to repair’, the legislation India needs to save money, minimize e-waste' (The Federal, 13 March 2021) accessed 4 October 2021.

[10] Supra, note 2.

[11] Shri Shamsher Kataria v. Honda Siel Cars India Ltd. & Ors., Competition Commission of India, Case No. 03/2011, Date: 27/07/15, < https://www.cci.gov.in/sites/default/files/03201127.pdf > accessed 4 October 2021. 12

[12] Prateek Arora, 'Does India Need a 'Right to Repair' Legislation?' (The Daily Guardian, 13th August)

accessed 4 October 2021

[13] Himanshu Arora, '“Right to Repair” vis-à-vis Indian trade mark law: A comparative analysis' [2021] 24(1-2) The Journal of World Intellectual Property

to%20self%2Drepair%20the%20goods> accessed 18 October 2021.

[14] Pepsi Co. Inc. v. Hindustan Coca Cola, 2001 PTC 699.

[15] Kapil Wadhwa v. Samsung Electronics, 2013 (53) PTC 112 (Del).

[16] Supra, note 13.

[17] The Trade Marks Act, 1999, Act No. 47 of 1999.

[18] Supra, note 14.

[19] Supra, note 13.

[20] Supra, note 17.

[21] Supra, note 13.

[22] Id.

[23] Id.

[24] Anuj Bhatia, 'Explained: What Apple’s decision to allow iPhone repairs means for consumers' (The Indian Express, 19 November 2021)accessed 1 December 2021.

[25] Maddie Stone, 'The shareholder fight that forced Apple’s hand on repair rights' (The Verge, 17 November 2021)www.theverge.com/2021/11/17/22787336/apple-right-to-repair-self-service-diy-reason- microsoft>accessed 1 December 2021.

[1] Rao, P. Parameshwar. “SEPARATION OF POWERS IN A DEMOCRACY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE.” 37 Peace Research, 113-22, (2005), http://www.jstor.org/stable/24469690.

[2] Krause, Sharon. “The Spirit of Separate Powers in Montesquieu.” 62 The Review of Politics, 231–65, (2000), http://www.jstor.org/stable/1408037.

[3] Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de, 1689-1755. The Spirit of Laws. London.

[4] Hansen, Mogens Herman. “THE MIXED CONSTITUTION VERSUS THE SEPARATION OF POWERS: MONARCHICAL AND ARISTOCRATIC ASPECTS OF MODERN DEMOCRACY.” 31 History of Political Thought, 509–31, (2010), http://www.jstor.org/stable/26224146.

[5] Bakshi, P. M. “Comparative Law: Separation of Powers in India.” American Bar Association Journal, vol. 42, no. 6, 1956, pp. 553–95. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/25719656.

[6] Krishna, Shashank. “Separation of Powers in the Indian Constitution & Why the Supreme Court Was Right in Intervening in the ‘Jharkhand’ Imbroglio.” Student Bar Review, vol. 18, no. 2, 2006, pp. 13–37. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/44306653.

[7] Tyagi, Karan. “THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS AND ITS RELEVANCE IN TIME OF COALITION POLITICS.” The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 69, no. 3, 2008, pp. 619–25. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41856450.

[8] Moolimani Shamanth Umesh, A Comparative Study of Separation of Powers with India, USA and UK, 5 INDIAN J.L. & LEGAL Rsch. 1 (2023).

[9] Constituent assemble debates (proceedings)- volume VII- Friday, 10th Dec, 1948

[10] Rao, P. Parameshwar. “SEPARATION OF POWERS IN A DEMOCRACY: THE INDIAN EXPERIENCE.” 37 Peace Research, 113-22, (2005), http://www.jstor.org/stable/24469690.

[11] Bakshi, P. M. “Comparative Law: Separation of Powers in India.” 42 American Bar Association Journal, 553–95 (1956), http://www.jstor.org/stable/25719656.

[12] Syed Umam Fatima Hasan & Mohd Faiz Khan, Separation of Powers, 4 INT'l J.L. MGMT. & HUMAN. 2016 (2021).

[13] Krishna, Shashank. “Separation of Powers in the Indian Constitution & Why the Supreme Court Was Right in Intervening in the ‘Jharkhand’ Imbroglio.” 18 Student Bar Review, 13-17 (2006), http://www.jstor.org/stable/44306653.

[14] India Const. art. 50.

[15] India Const. art. 53.

[16] India Const. art. 74.

[17] India Const. art. 121.

[18] India Const. art. 142.

[19] Garg, B. L. “Problem of the Separation of Judiciary in India.” 25 The Indian Journal of Political Science, 331–38 (1964), http://www.jstor.org/stable/41854047.

[20] Aparna Padmakavi R., Balancing Judicial Interpretation and the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, 4 INDIAN J.L. & LEGAL Rsch. 1 (2022).

[21] Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab,1994 SCC (3) 569.

[22] Kesavananda Bharati & ors v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 SCC.

[23] IR Coelho v. State of Tamil Nadu AIR 2007 SC 861.

[24] Ram Jawaya Kapoor v. State of Punjab (1955) 2 SCR 225.

[25] P. Kannadasan v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1975 AIR 865.

[26] Golaknath v. State of Punjab, 1967 AIR 1643.

[27] Asif Hameed v. State of J&K, AIR 1989 SC 1899.

[28] Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan & Ors, (1997) 6 SCC 241).

[29] Bandhuva Mukti Morch v. Union of India, AIR 1952 SC 332

[30] Constitutional Reforms Act, Section 61, (2005) Government of UK.

[31] Council of Europe, European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Article 6 as amended by Protocols Nos. 11 and 14, 4 November 1950, ETS 5, available at https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b3b04.html

[32] Bakshi, P. M. “Comparative Law: Separation of Powers in India.” 42 American Bar Association Journal, 553–95, (1956) http://www.jstor.org/stable/25719656.

[33] The Constitution of United States of America, 1789.

[34] Panamma Refining Company v. Ryan 293 US 388 (1935)

[35] Marbury v. Madison, 5 USA 137 (1803).

[36] Duport Steel Ltd. Sirs and Ors. (1980) 1 WLR 142.

[37] Manish Tiwari, “The Supreme Court of India: The Rise of Judicial Power and the Protection of Federalism.” University of Toronto Press, 223-55, (2017), http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/j.ctt1whm97c.12.

[38] Aparna Padmakavi R., Balancing Judicial Interpretation and the Doctrine of Separation of Powers, 4 INDIAN J.L. & LEGAL Rsch. 1 (2022).

[1] Law Clerk – cum – Research Associate, Supreme Court of India

[2] Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India: Law, Policy, and Practice (Oxford India Paperbacks 2006).

[3] James Stewart, The Child Custody Book: How to Protect Your Children and Win Your Case (Impact Publishers 2000).

[4] Enakshi Ganguly Thukral, Every Right for Every Child: Governance and Accountability (Routledge India 2011)

[5] (2020) 3 SCC 67

[6] (1984) 3 SCC 698 

[7] (1987) 1 SCC 42

[8] (2019) 7 SCC 311

[9] (2018) 2 SCC 309

[10] (2017) 8 SCC 454

[11] (2018) 9 SCC 578

[12] (2017) 10 SCC 1

[1] Rajendra Singh Rana v. Swami Prasad Maurya and Others, (2007) 4 SCC 270 (India), p. 17.

[2] Id. p.4

[3] Id.

[4] Kihoto Hollohan v. Zachillhu and Others, (1992) SCR (1) 686 (India).

[5] Supra n.1, p.15

[6] Jagjit Singh v. State of Haryana, (2006) 11 SCC 1 (India).

[7] Supra n.1, p.19

[8] Ravi S. Naik v. Union of India, (1994) 1 SCR 754.

[1] Ahmad, T., & Ghosh, I. (2011). Plagiarism and Copyright Infringement. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1839353

[2] Astrachan, J. (2008). De Minimus Copyright Infringement. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1625037

[3] Id

[4] Carpenter, C. (2012). Copyright Infringement and the Second Generation of Social Media Websites: Why Pinterest Users Should Be Protected from Copyright Infringement by the Fair Use Defense. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2131483

[5] Id

[6] Jainemo (P) Ltd. v. Rahul Shah, 2023 SCC OnLine Del 6136

[7] The Copyright Act, 1957. Act No. 14 of 19571, Section 2(o), 2(f)

[8] Chancellor v. Rameshwari Photocopy Services, 2016 SCC OnLine Del 6713

[9] The Copyright Act, 1957. Act No. 14 of 19571, Section 52(1)

[10] Neetu Singh v. Telegram FZ LLC, 2022 SCC OnLine Del 2637

[1] M.P Sharma vs. Satish Chandra, 1954 AIR 300

[2] Kharak Singh v. State of UP, AIR 1963 SC 1295

[3] A. G. Noorani, Right to Privacy, 40 Econ. Polit. Wkly. 802, 802 (2005)

[4]Gautam Bhatia, STATE SURVEILLANCE AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN INDIA: A CONSTITUTIONAL BIOGRAPHY, 26 N.L.S.I.R. 127, 136-158 (2014)

[5] Samarth Krishan Luthra, PUBLICITY RIGHTS AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN INDIA, 31 N.L.S.I.R. 125, 132-148 (2019)

[6] Atul Singh, DATA PROTECTION: INDIA IN THE INFORMATION AGE, 59 I.L.I. 78, 78-101 (2017)

[7] Dhiraj R. Duraiswami, Privacy and Data Protection in India, 6 J.L.C.W. 166, 166-186 (2017

[8] Arun K Patnaik, Civil Society and Privacy: A Critique, 63 I.J.P.S. 167, 167-182 (2002)

[9] Sangeeta Mahapatra, Digital Surveillance and the Threat to Civil Liberties in India, 3 G.I.G.A. 11, 11-14 (2021)

[10] Menaka Guruswamy, Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Ret’d) and Anr v. Union of India and Ors, Writ Petition (Civil) No. 494 of 2012, 111 A.J.I.L. 994, 994-1000 (2017

[11] Smt. Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India & Ors., AIR 1978 SC 597.

[12] The Passports Act, 1967,  § 10, No. 15, Acts of Parliament, 1967 (India)

[13] District Registrar and Collector v. Canara Bank, (2005) 1 SCC 496

[14] INDIA CONST. art. 21.

[15] Supra 27

[16] INDIA CONST. art. 21.

[17] Infra 50

[18] INDIA CONST. art. 19, cl.1(a).

[19] INDIA CONST. art. 19, cl.1(d).

[20] Govind v. State Of Madhya Pradesh & Anr., 1975 AIR 1378.

[21] Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi, 2009 SCC Del 1762.

[22] Unique Identification Authority of India v. Central Bureau of Investigation, 2014 SCC OnLine Bom 4753

[23] Unique Identification Authority of India

[24] Central Bureau of Investigation

[25] Supra 29

[26] INDIA CONST. art. 20, cl.3.

[27] People's Union Of Civil Liberties v. Union Of India And Anr., AIR 1997 SC 568.

[28] Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, § 5, No. 13, Acts of Parliament, 1885 (India)

[29] R. Rajagopal and Ors. v. State of Tamil Nadu, 1994 SCC (6) 632.

[30] Indian Telegraph Act, 1885, § 5, No. 13, Acts of Parliament, 1885 (India)

[31] Supra 5

[1] Sarthak Chugh, 4th BLS, VES Law

[2] Cynthia A. Dent, The Council of State and the Clergy During the Reign of Louis XIV: An Aspect of the Growth of French Absolutism, 24 The Journal of Ecclesiastical History 245, 253 (1973).

[3] Tanya Bansal, Evolution of Administrative Courts in France and India: A Comparative Analysis, 3 Indraprastha Law Review, 12, 14-16 (2022).

[4] THOMPSOM JAMES WESTFALL, THE DECLINE OF THE MISSI DOMINICI IN FRANKISH GAUL, 12-15, Legare Street Press (2023)

[5] NAPOLEON BONAPARTE, THE CORSICAN: A DIARY OF NAPOLEON’S LIFE IN HIS OWN WORDS, 68-70 University Press of the Pacific (2003)

[6] French Constitution of 1791 Title iii, Chapter v, Article iii.

[7] James W Garner, The French Administrative Law, Yale L.J. 597, 597 (1924).

[8] Joseph Minattur, French Administrative Law, 16 Journal of the Indian Law Institute 364, 365 (1974).

[9] Council of State, of March 30, 1916, N° 59928.

[10] McNabb v United States, 318 U.S. 332, 347 (1943).

[11] Vanderbilt, The Place of the Administrative Tribunals in our Legal System, 24 A.B.A.J. 267, 273 (1938).

[12] Matthias Schrader et al, Introduction to the German Civil Procedure 1: How the German Court System Works, Willkie Farr                 &            Gallagher              LLP        (Sept.     20,          2023,      3:10        PM)

https://www.willkie.com/-/media/files/publications/2023/german-law-series----february-2023-g.pdf

[13] Francis Bignami, Comparative Administrative Law 154-157 (Mauro Bussani and Ugo Mattei eds., 2012).

[14] Charles Bosvieux-Onyekwelu, Revenir sur une légende en sociologue : l'arrêt Blanco et le mythe de la « naissance » du droit administratif français, 101 Dans Droit Et Societe 159, 159 (2019).

[15] D.1873, III, 20 Case Blanco.

[16] Michel Margairaz, Experts and Practitioners. Public Economic Services among Experts, Practitioners, and Governments in the Early 20th Century: From One Historical Setting to Another, 52-3 Revue D'histoire Moderne & Contemporaine 132, 132 (2005).

[17] D.1873, III, 20 Case Blanco at 21-22.

[18] ARMIN UHLER, REVIEW OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE ACTS ON THE MERIT- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS AND JUDICIAL REVIEW IN FRANCE AND THE UNITED STATES 45-46, Ann Arbor The University of Michigan Press (1942)

[19] S. 1911.3.17

[20] Supra 51-53

[21] George A. Bermann, The Scope of Judicial Review in French Administrative Law, 16. Colum. J. Transnat’l. L. 195, 251-253 (1977)