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[1] 1973 AIR 106, 1973 SCR (2) 757

[2] AIR 1950 SC 124: 1950 SCR 594

[3] Cyberspace, Wikipedia (Dec. 7, 2001), https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace.

[4] Ani Petrosyan, Internet and social media users in the world 2023, Statista (Apr. 3, 2023), https://www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/.

[5] WP(C).No.19716 OF 2019(L)

[6] World Economic Forum, (Jan. 17, 2018), https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global- risks-report-2018/

[7] Jain, M. (2019). The Aadhaar card: Cybersecurity issues with India’s biometric experiment. The Henry M. Jackson School of International Studies, University of Washington

[8] NDTV India ordered to go off air for a day, The Hindu (Nov. 3, 2016), https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/NDTV-India-ordered-to-go-off-air-for-a- day/article60618338.ece.

[9] TikTok App Ban Case | 04 May 2019, https://www.drishtiias.com/daily-updates/daily- news-editorials/tiktok-app-ban-case/print_manually.

[10] Information Technology Act, 2000 Act of the Indian Parliament (No 21 of 2000)

[1] Assistant Professor of Law, Kolkata Police Law Institute, University of Calcutta

[2] C. K. Takwani, Lectures on Administrative Law 03 (6th ed 2017)

[3] Ajoy P. B. Administrative Action and the Doctrine of Proportionality in India, IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science (JHSS), Volume 1, Aug. 17, 2023, 3.30 PM www.iosrjournals.org

[4] Council of Civil Service Unions v. Minister for the Civil Service 1985 AC 374 (HL)

[5] I. P. Massey, Administrative Law 378 (10th ed 2022)

[6] Kaushik Deo, The Doctrine of Proportionality under the Indian Legal System, Aug 17, 2023, 4.00 PM ilsijlm.indianlegalsolution.com

[7] S. P. Sathe, Administrative Law (7th ed 2004)

[8] AIR 1981 SC 487

[9] J N Pandey, The Constitutional Law of India (48th ed 2011)

[10] (2017) 9 SCC 1

[11] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere?  University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[12] Union of India v. G. Ganayutham (1997) 7 SCC 463, 473

[13] Coimbatore District Central Coop Bank v. Employees Association (2007) 4 SCC 669

[14] C. K. Takwani, Lectures on Administrative Law 338 (6th edn., Eastern Book Company, 2017)

[15] I. P. Massey, Administrative Law 379 (10th edn., Eastern Book Company, 2022)

[16] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere?  University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[17] (1947) 2 ALL ER 680 (CA)

[18] Nimita Aksa Pradeep, Doctrine of Proportionality in Indian Administrative Law: An analysis, Indian Journal of Law, Polity and Administration Aug 28, 2023 2.00 PM www.ijlpa.com

[19] ibid

[20] Padmalaya Kanungo, Wednesbury Principle and Control of Executive Actions, Jus Corpus Law Journal, Aug 23, 2023 12.00 PM https://www.juscorpus.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/10.-Padmalaya-Kanungo.pdf

[21] C. K. Takwani, Lectures on Administrative Law 288 (6th ed 2017)

[22] Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India (1980) 3 SCC 625, 677-678

[23] C. K. Takwani, Lectures on Administrative Law 341 (6th ed 2017)

[24] Ranjit Thakur v. Union of India (1987) 4 SCC 611

[25] A. N. Bhati v. State of Gujarat AIR 2005 SC 2115

[26] Suman Gupta v. State of J & K, AIR 1983 SC 1235

[27] Chintaman Rao v. State of Madhya Pradesh, AIR 1951 SC 118

[28] AIR 1952 SC 196

[29] AIR 1963 SC 779

[30] AIR 1965 SC 917

[31] (1983) 2 SCC 422

[32] Ashish Chugh, Is the Supreme Court disproportionately applying the proportionality principle? Sep 2, 2023 10.00 AM https://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2004_8_33.htm

[33] (1987) 4 SCC 611

[34] AIR 2003 SC 3712

[35] (1997) 7 SCC 463

[36] AIR 2000 SC 3689

[37] Padmalaya Kanungo, Wednesbury Principle and Control of Executive Actions, Jus Corpus Law Journal, Aug 23, 2023 12.00 PM https://www.juscorpus.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/10.-Padmalaya-Kanungo.pdf

[38] (2006) 7 SCC 501

[39] AIR 2007 SC 548

[40] Padmalaya Kanungo, Wednesbury Principle and Control of Executive Actions, Jus Corpus Law Journal, Aug 23, 2023 12.00 PM https://www.juscorpus.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/10.-Padmalaya-Kanungo.pdf

[41] (2008) 3 SCC 1

[42] Gautam Bhatia, The Transformative Constitution (1st ed 2019)

[43] Anuj Garg v. Hotel Association of India AIR 2008 SC 663, Gautam Bhatia, The Transformative Constitution (1st ed 2021)

[44] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere? University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[45] (2012) 10 SCC 603

[46] AIR 2016 SC 2601

[47] See principles laid down in Mohd. Hind Qureshi v. State of Bihar (AIR 1958 SC 731), P. P. Enterprise v. Union of India (AIR 1982 SC 1016) and MRF Ltd. v\. Inspector Keral Government (1998) 8 SCC 227

[48] (2016) 7 SCC 221

[49] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere?  University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[50] ibid

[51] AIR 2017 SC 4161

[52] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2019) 1 SCC 1

[53] ibid

[54] 2020 SCC Online SC 25

[55] (1997) 7 SCC 463

[56] AIR 2005 SC 2090

[57] AIR 2000 SC 3689

[58] (1987) SC 611

[59] (1997) 7 SCC 463

[60] AIR 1996 SC 1627

[61] Ashish Chugh, Is the Supreme Court disproportionately applying the proportionality principle? Sep 2, 2023 10.00 AM https://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2004_8_33.htm

[62] Ashish Chugh, Is the Supreme Court disproportionately applying the proportionality principle? Sep 2, 2023 10.00 AM https://www.ebc-india.com/lawyer/articles/2004_8_33.htm

[63] (1997) 7 SCC 463

[64] AIR 2000 SC 3689

[65] AIR 2000 SC 3689

[66] AIR 2005 SC 2090

[67] I. P. Massey, Administrative Law (10th ed 2022)

[68] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2019) 1 SCC 1

[69] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere?  University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[70] Aparna Chandra, Proportionality in India: A Bridge to Nowhere?  University of Oxford Human Rights Hub Journal, Vol 3(2), 2020 Aug 16, 2023 4.00 PM ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk

[1] Bacchan Singh V. Province of Punjab, AIR [(1980) SCC 684]

[2] Macchi Singh V. State of Punjab 1983, AIR 1983 SCR (3) 413

[3] Mohammed Ajmal Amir Kasab V. State of Maharashtra (2012) 9 SCC 1

[4] State V. Mohd. Afzal & Ors. (2013) AIR 107 (2003) DLT 385

[5]  Ediga Anamma V. the State of Andhra Pradesh AIR 1974 SCR (3) 329

[6] https://blog.ipleaders.in

[7] Jagmohan Singh V. State of Uttar Pradesh AIR 1973 SCR (2) 541

[8] https://legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-8656-capital-punishment-in-india-critical-analysis.html

[1] Devangshu Datta. “Economics of cannabis: Can India grab a share of the $350 bn global market?”. The Business Standard. Accessed May 9, 2022

[2] Kuddus, M., I. Ginawi, and A. Al-Hazimi. “CANNABIS SATIVA: AN ANCIENT WILD EDIBLE PLANT OF INDIA”. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, Vol. 25, no. 10, June 2013, pp. 736-45,  doi:https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v25i10.16400. Accessed May 9, 2022

[3] Khagesh guatam, Cannabis Indica: Perception vs Potential. OakBridge Publishing. ISBN: 9789391032845 Accessed May 9, 2022

[4] https://www.treadwellfarms.com/blogs/cbd-education/parts-of-the-cannabis-plant-unique-attributes-and-uses-abound

[5] Nikola Kovic. Economic Benefits of Marijuana Legalisation. Central University Department of Economics. 2014

[6] Cannabis Price Index (ABCD 2018)

[7] Meera Navlakha, ‘Study Finds Delhi and Mumbai are Among the Top 10 cities in Cannabis Consumption Globally’ (Vice, 10 September 2019) < https://www.vice.com/en_in/article/bjwj7q/study-findsdelhi-and-mumbai-are-among-the-top-10-cities-incannabis-consumption-globally>

[8] Pascula RL., Grossman M, Chaloupka FJ, O’Malley PM, Johnston LD, Farrelly MC Marijuana and Youth. Risky Behaviour among Youth: An Economic Analysis. Ed. J

[9]https://illinoisepi.files.wordpress.com/2018/11/ilepi-pmcr-financial-impact-of-legalizing-marijuana-in-illinois-final.pdf

[10] Khagesh guatam, Cannabis Indica: Perception vs Potential. OakBridge Publishing. ISBN: 9789391032845 Accessed May 9, 2022

[11] Ibid Accessed May 9, 2022

[12] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2158244016679213

[13] Taylor, Lorraine L. (2018). Defining Marijuana Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, (), 109634801880461–. doi:10.1177/1096348018804610

[14] https://www.firstrand.co.za/media/1932/denise-slabbert-weed-tourism.pdf

[15] MacCoun, R. J. (2011). What can we learn from the Dutch cannabis coffeeshop system? Addiction: Policy Case Studies, 106, 1899-1910

[16] https://www.arizonafoothillsmagazine.com/health-and-fitness/cbd-cannabis/cannabis-tourism-opportunities-issues-and-strategies-by-enlightn/

[17] Taylor, Lorraine L. (2018). Defining Marijuana Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, (), 109634801880461–. doi:10.1177/1096348018804610

[18] https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/23/inside-planet-13-the-worlds-largest-cannabis-dispensary/

[19] https://www.forbes.com/sites/michaelgoldstein/2021/10/09/can-cannabis-tourism-help-revive-the-travel-industry/?sh=54a286e27fbe

[20] https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/what-is-mallana-cream-himachal-pradesh-cannabis-7098907/

[21] https://www.gqindia.com/content/indias-most-famous-weed-tourism-spot-is-now-off-limits

[22] Colorado Department of Revenue. "Marijuana Sales Reports, https://cdor.colorado.gov/data-and-reports/marijuana-data/marijuana-sales-reports." Accessed May 9, 2022

[23] https://cdor.colorado.gov/data-and-reports/marijuana-data/marijuana-sales-reports

[24] California Department of Tax and Fee Administration. "California Department of Tax and Fee Administration Reports Cannabis Tax Revenues for the Third Quarter of 2019, https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/news/19-26.htm" Accessed May 9, 2022.

[25]  Colorado Department of Revenue, "Marijuana Tax Data"

[26] Oklahoma Medical Marijuana Authority, Application and Licensing Report, May 1, 2020

[27] Adam Uzialko. Cannabis Industry Growth Potential for 2022. Business News Daily https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/15812-cannabis-industry-business-growth.html Accessed May 9, 2022

[28] Jeffery Miron. The Budgetary Effects of Ending Drug Prohibition. TAX AND BUDGET BULLETIN NO. 83. Cato Institute.

[1] 3rd year, BA.LLB (Hons), Saveetha School of law, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai 600077, Mail - hanishdaniel2004@gmail.com

[2] 3rd year, BBA.LLB (Hons), Saveetha School of Law, Saveetha Institute of Technical and Medical Sciences, Chennai 600088, Mail - 2003rithika@gmail.com