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[1] 2nd Year Law Student, BA-LLB(Hons), UWSL – Karnavati University.[2] McCombs, M. E. (2014). Setting the agenda: Mass media and public opinion. John Wiley & Sons.[3] Cohen, S. (2002). Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. Routledge.[4] Ferraro, K. F. (1995). Fear of Crime: Interpreting Victimization Risk. Social Forces, 73(4), 1335-1356.[5] Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall.[6] Mukesh v. NCT of Delhi, AIR 2017 SC 2161.[7] Justice Verma Committee. (2013). Report of the Committee on Amendments to Criminal Law. Government of India.[8] Barthe, E. (2006). Crime prevention publicity campaigns. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.[9] W. Bailey, Deterrence, Brutalization, and the Death Penalty: Another Examination of Oklahoma’s Return to Capital Punishment, 36 Criminology 601 (1998).[10] Siddhartha Vashist v. State (NCT of Delhi), AIR 2010 SC 2352.

[1] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948, available at: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[2] United Nations, “India and the United Nations,” available at: https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states/india (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[3] International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, 999 UNTS 171.[4] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 1966, 993 UNTS.[5] Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, 1979, 1249 UNTS 13.[6] Basu, D.D., Commentary on the Constitution of India, 9th ed., LexisNexis (2016), pp. 113–117.[7] Indian Const. arts. 14, 19, 21, 39, and 51(c).[8] Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, 1577 UNTS 3, ratified by India on Dec. 11, 1992.[9] Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, 2006, 2515 UNTS 3, ratified by India on Oct. 1, 2007; Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (Act No. 49 of 2016).[10] Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 1965, 660 UNTS 195, ratified by India on Dec. 3, 1968.[11] United Nations, “India’s Reservations/Declarations on International Human Rights Treaties,” available at: https://treaties.un.org/Pages/Treaties.aspx (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[12] Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (Act No. 10 of 1994).[13] Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2015 (Act No. 2 of 2016).[14] Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (Act No. 43 of 2005).[15] Vishaka v. State of Rajasthan, AIR 1997 SC 3011.[16] People’s Union for Civil Liberties v. Union of India, AIR 2001 SC 2105.[17] MC Mehta v. Union of India, AIR 1987 SC 1086.[18] National Human Rights Commission of India, available at: https://nhrc.nic.in/ (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[19] UNICEF, “Child Rights and Protection in India,” available at: https://www.unicef.org/india (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[20] United Nations Human Rights Council, “India and the Universal Periodic Review,” available at: https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/upr (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[21] Nirbhaya case (Mukesh v. State of NCT of Delhi), AIR 2017 SC 2161.[22] Protection of Human Rights Act, 1993 (Act No. 10 of 1994).[23] Amnesty International, available at: https://www.amnesty.org (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[24] Human Rights Watch, available at: https://www.hrw.org (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[25] CRY (Child Rights and You), available at: https://www.cry.org (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[26] Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act, 1958 (Act No. 28 of 1958).[27] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019 (Act No. 40 of 2019).[28] Refugee Convention, July 28, 1951, 189 U.N.T.S. 150.[29] Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India, (2000) 10 SCC 664.[30] Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) v. Union of India, (2017) 10 SCC 1.[31] Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 (Act No. 18 of 2016).[32] Pegasus spyware case, IT Standing Committee Report, available at https://prsindia.org (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[33] Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act No. 21 of 2000).[34] The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (Act No. 14 of 2013).[35] National Human Rights Commission, "Annual Report," available at https://nhrc.nic.in (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).[36] National Legal Services Authority v. Union of India, (2014) 5 SCC 438.[37] The Universal Periodic Review, United Nations Human Rights Council, available at https://www.ohchr.org (last visited Dec. 18, 2024).

[1] "Mental health bill decriminalising suicide passed by Parliament". The Indian Express. 27 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 March 2017. Retrieved 27 March 2017.[2] "The Mental Health Care Act, 2017" (PDF). Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 October 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2017.[3] National Minimum Guidelines for Setting Up and Running Crèches under Maternity Benefit Act 2017, Ministry of Women and Child Development Government of India 2018.

[1] Head of Department and Dean, Faculty of Law, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Email: banshidsingh@gmail.com[2] Ph.D. Research Scholar, Faculty of Law, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India. Email: rajendrakumarsocial@gmail.com[3] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 1.[4] Naved, Hisham. "Artificial Intelligence and Alternate Dispute Resolution in India." International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis, vol. 2, no. 7, May 2024, 5-16. p. 10.[5] Abbott, Ryan, and Brinson S. Elliott. "Putting the Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution: How AI Rules Will Become ADR Rules." Amicus Curiae, vol. 4, no. 3, Spring 2023, 685–706. p. 686.[6] Alvarez & Marsal. “AI in Dispute Resolution – Can AI Replace Human Judges, Lawyers and Experts?” 16 May 2024, www.alvarezandmarsal.com/insights/ai-dispute-resolution-can-ai-replace-human-judges-lawyers-and-experts. (last visited 13 November 2024).[7] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 11.[8] Junaid, Md. “The Development and Progression of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) in India.” International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR), vol. 5, no. 5, Sept.–Oct. 2023, 1–11. p. 1.[9] Gronic, Irina A. “Transformatsiia Tsifrovykh Sposobov Razresheniia Sporov v Indii [Transformation of Digital Dispute Resolution Methods in India].” Vestnik RUDN. Seriia: Iuridicheskie Nauki, vol. 27, no. 4, 2023, pp. 1113–24. p. 1115.[10] Cihanová, Jana. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution.” Acta Facultatis Iuridicae Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 42, no. 2, 2023, 109–20. p. 109.[11] Naved, Hisham. "Artificial Intelligence and Alternate Dispute Resolution in India." International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis, vol. 2, no. 7, May 2024, 5-16. p. 5.[12] Sadaphal, Yogiraj. "AI in ADR: An Analysis." Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, vol. 5, no. 3, 2023, 1-6. p. 1.[13] Jaswal, Vibhuti, and Shiekhar Panwar. “Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Online Dispute Resolution.” Shimla Law Review, vol. 5, 2022, 289–99. p. 292.[14] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 11.[15]Shukla, Vinayak, and Pragati Shreya. “Artificial Intelligence’s Impact on India’s Conflict Settlement Process.” International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT), vol. 12, no. 2, Feb. 2024, a743–a748. p. a746.[16] Cihanová, Jana. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution.” Acta Facultatis Iuridicae Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 42, no. 2, 2023, 109–20. p. 112.[17] Alvarez & Marsal. “AI in Dispute Resolution – Can AI Replace Human Judges, Lawyers and Experts?” 16 May 2024, www.alvarezandmarsal.com/insights/ai-dispute-resolution-can-ai-replace-human-judges-lawyers-and-experts. (last visited 13 November 2024).[18] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 11.[19]  Ibid.[20] Jaswal, Vibhuti, and Shiekhar Panwar. “Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Online Dispute Resolution.” Shimla Law Review, vol. 5, 2022, 289–99. p. 294.[21] Cihanová, Jana. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution.” Acta Facultatis Iuridicae Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 42, no. 2, 2023, 109–20. p. 111.[22] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 12.[23] S, Shraddha. "Role of Information Technology and the Future of AI in Alternative Dispute Resolution." Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, vol. 4, no. 5, 2023, 1-7. p. 1.[24] Garg, Mansi Jain. "AI and Mediation: A Threat or Helpful Tool for Mediators - An Indian Perspective." Jus Corpus Law Journal, vol. 3, no. 4, 2023, 175-88. p. 179.[25] Ibid.[26] Barnett, Jeremy, and Philip Treleaven. “Algorithmic Dispute Resolution—The Automation of Professional Dispute Resolution Using AI and Blockchain Technologies.” The Computer Journal, vol. 61, no. 3, 2018, 399–408. pp. 404-405.[27] Naved, Hisham. "Artificial Intelligence and Alternate Dispute Resolution in India." International Journal for Legal Research and Analysis, vol. 2, no. 7, May 2024, 5-16. p. 13.[28] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN). p. 27.[29] Jaswal, Vibhuti, and Shiekhar Panwar. “Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Online Dispute Resolution.” Shimla Law Review, vol. 5, 2022, 289–99. p. 297.[30] Vij, Abhilasha. “Arbitrator-Robot: Is A(I)DR the Future?” 2020. Social Science Research Network (SSRN), p. 26.[31] Abbott, Ryan, and Brinson S. Elliott. "Putting the Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution: How AI Rules Will Become ADR Rules." Amicus Curiae, vol. 4, no. 3, Spring 2023, 685–706. p. 692.[32] Weisheit, Sonja, and Christoph Salger. “Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Mediation – ChatGPT as Mediator 4.0.” Mediate.com, 21 June 2023, mediate.com/artificial-intelligence-ai-in-mediation-chatgpt-as-mediator-4-0/. (last visited 13 November 2024).[33] Jaswal, Vibhuti, and Shiekhar Panwar. “Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Online Dispute Resolution.” Shimla Law Review, vol. 5, 2022, 289–99. p. 297.[34] Alvarez & Marsal. “AI in Dispute Resolution – Can AI Replace Human Judges, Lawyers and Experts?” 16 May 2024, www.alvarezandmarsal.com/insights/ai-dispute-resolution-can-ai-replace-human-judges-lawyers-and-experts. (last visited 13 November 2024).[35] Yelliboina, Nagasreelekha. “Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution.” The LawWay with Lawyers Journal, vol. 7, no. 7, 18 Feb. 2024, www.thelawwaywithlawyers.com/artificial-intelligence-in-alternative-dispute-resolution. (last visited 13 November 2024).[36] Gaur, Rahul Kumar. "Tech-Driven Justice: Unraveling the Dynamics of Online Dispute Resolution." Live Law, 9 June 2024, www.livelaw.in/lawschool/articles/future-of-justice-technology-alternative-dispute-resolution-260027. (last visited 13 November 2024).[37] Sadaphal, Yogiraj. "AI in ADR: An Analysis." Indian Journal of Law and Legal Research, vol. 5, no. 3, 2023, 1-6. p. 5.[38] Abbott, Ryan, and Brinson S. Elliott. "Putting the Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution: How AI Rules Will Become ADR Rules." Amicus Curiae, vol. 4, no. 3, Spring 2023, 685–706. p. 694.[39] Jaswal, Vibhuti, and Shiekhar Panwar. “Legal Challenges Posed by Artificial Intelligence in Consumer Online Dispute Resolution.” Shimla Law Review, vol. 5, 2022, 289–99. p. 299.[40] Cihanová, Jana. “The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Alternative Dispute Resolution.” Acta Facultatis Iuridicae Universitatis Comenianae, vol. 42, no. 2, 2023, 109–20. p. 116.

[1] Initiatives to boost domestic and foreign investments (no date) Press Information Bureau. Available at: https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1782353 (Accessed: 15 December 2024).[2] The Competition (Amendment) Act, 2023.[3] The Competition Act, 2002, § 26(2).[4] Mr Umar Javed v Google LLC and Another (2022) 39 (CCI).[5] Shri Shamsher Kataria v Honda Siel Cars India Ltd & Ors (2014) 3 (CCI).[6] Re Maruti Suzuki India Limited (MSIL) BQ Prime (CCI 2017).[7] Nissan Motor India Private Limited and Ors v Competition Commission of India and Ors (2017) 1 (CCI).[8] Brussels, “Antitrust: Commission Imposes Binding Obligations on Gazprom to Enable Free Flow of Gas at Competitive Prices in Central and Eastern European Gas Markets” [2018] European Commission- Press Release.[9] Clement J, “Topic: Google, Amazon, Meta, Apple, and Microsoft (GAMAM)” (Statista, August 31, 2023) https://www.statista.com/topics/4213/google-apple-facebook-amazon-and-microsoft-gafam/. [10] Paris OP, “Start-Ups, Killer Acquisitions and Merger Control” (Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) 2020) accessed December 15, 2024.  [11] Isaac M, “FTC Clears Facebook’s WhatsApp Acquisition in the U.S.” Vox (April 10, 2014) accessed December 15, 2024.[12] EU Merger Regulations, 2004, Reg. 39.[13] Barik S, “Competition (Amendment) Bill Passed in Lok Sabha: How It Affects Big Tech” The Indian Express (March 31, 2023) accessed December 15, 2024.[14] Competition corporate-body. C-G for, “Competition Policy for the Digital Era” (Publications Office of the EU, May 20, 2019) accessed December 15, 2024.  [15] Competition Commission of India, 42 CCI Fairplay 8-10 (2019).[16] Draft Combination Regulations (CCI), 2023, Reg. 1.[17] TIMESOFINDIA.COM, “Ease of Doing Business Will Ultimately Lead to Ease of Living: PM Modi” Times Of India (November 19, 2018) accessed December 15, 2024.

[1]Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976 is No. 19, act of parliament, 1976(India)[2] The Minimum Wages act of 1948, No. 11, act of parliament, 1948(India)[3] The Mines act of 1952, No. 35, act of parliament, 1952(India)[4] Inter-state migrant workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) act of 1979, No. 30, act of parliament, 1979(India)[5] The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) act, 1970, No. 37, act of parliament, 1970(India)[6] S.P. Gupta vs President of India And Ors, On 30th December, 1981[7] INDIAN CONST. art.32[8] Frances Carolie Mullin vs W.C. Khambra & Ors, 1980 AIR 849, 1980 SCR (2)1095 1980 SCC (2) 275[9] The Mines Act of 1952, Sec 2(j) No.35, act of parliament, 1952(India)[10] The Mines Act of 1952, Sec.3(1)(b), No. 35, act of parliament, 1952(India)[11] Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act of 1979,Sec.2(1)(b),No.30, Act of parliament, 1979 (India)[12] Inter-State Migrant Workmen (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act of 1979,Sec.2(1)(e),No.30, Act of parliament, 1979 (India)[13] The Maternity Benefit Act of 1961, No. 53, Act of parliament,1961(India)[14] Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act of 1952, No.19, Act of parliament, 1952(India)[15] The Employees' State Insurance Act of 1948, No. 34, Act of parliament,1948(India)[16] The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923, No. 8, Act of parliament,1923(India)[17] Bandhua Mukti Morcha v. Union of India & Ors, (1984) 3 SCC 161[18] INDIA CONST. art.21