Search Publications

[1] Article 1 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948.[2] What does transgender mean?, APA, https://www.apa.org/topics/lgbtq/transgender, last visited on 08/12/2024[3] Understanding the Transgender Community, HRC foundation, https://www.hrc.org/resources/understanding-the-transgender-community, last visited on 08/12/2024[4] The Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019[5] What are the Rights of Transgender in India, Ipleaders, https://blog-ipleaders-in.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/blog.ipleaders.in/legal-rights-of-transgender-india, last visited on 08/12/2024[6] Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill of 2016[7] Sec 2(k) of the Transgender Person (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019[8] The Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2016, PRS Legislative Research, https://prsindia.org/billtrack/the-transgender-persons-protection-of-rights-bill-2016, last visited on 09/12/2024[9] National Legal Services Authority Vs. Union of India, Writ Petition (civil) No. 604 of 2013, 5 SCC 438[10] Article 14 of Equality before the law under the Indian Constitution 1950[11] Transsexual Women and Feminist Thought: Toward New Understanding and New Politics, Chicago Journals, https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/664478?mobileUi=0, last visited on 11/12/2024[12] Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 – for the all-human beings to be equal which includes transgenders. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966, and the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 1979, https://ohrh.law.ox.ac.uk/advancing-sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity-equality-through-cedaw/, last visited on 11/12/2024[13] https://yogyakartaprinciples.org/principle-1/, last visited on 11/12/2024[14] https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-06/Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-and-Transgender-Persons.pdf, last visited on 11/12/2024[15] Section 16 of the Act. https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/userfiles/221294.pdf, last visited on 11/12/2024[16] https://www.census2011.co.in/transgender.php, last visited on 11/12/2024[17] Neeraj Chauhan, About 92% of Transgenders are deprived of their rights, refused Jobs; Just 2% Stay With Parents, https://www-indiatimes-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.indiatimes.com, last visited on 12/12/2024[18] https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/list-of-transgenders-firsts-who-made-it-big-in-their-fields-1276415-2018-07-03, last visited on 11/12/2024[19] Occupational identity Engaging socio-cultural perspectives, Research Gate, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233099013_Occupational_identity_Engaging_socio-cultural_perspectives, last visited on 12/12/2024[20] Ashokan Subbiah, Velusamy M, Social & Legal issues, and its development Scenario of Transgender people in the modern society with special reference to Tamil Nadu, https://www.jswep.in/uploads/3/1/7/2/31729069/0 20205.pdf, last visited on 14/12/2024

[1] Judicial System in Ancient India, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html#:~:text=In%20the%20Mahabharata%2C%20it%20was,executed%20like%20a%20mad%20dog.%22&text=%22The%20people%20should%20execute%20a,or%20guidance%20from%20any%20one. (last visited on September 11, 2024).[2] Ibid.[3] Ibid.[4] Ibid.[5] Ancient India Jurisprudence: Banaras Hindu University, available at: https://www.bhu.ac.in/Images/files/JusticeKatjusLec.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024).[6] Ancient India Jurisprudence: Banaras Hindu University, available at: https://www.bhu.ac.in/Images/files/JusticeKatjusLec.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); Roman Law, available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-law (last visited on September 11, 2024).[7] Ibid.[8] Ancient India Jurisprudence: Banaras Hindu University, available at: https://www.bhu.ac.in/Images/files/JusticeKatjusLec.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); Roman Law, available at: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Roman-law (last visited on September 11, 2024); Law in the ancient world, available at: https://online.law.tulane.edu/articles/law-in-the-ancient-world (last visited on September 11, 2024).[9] The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024).[10] The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024); Srimad Bhagavada Gita; Srimad Bhagavatam; Srimad Bhagavda Purana; The Puranas; The Upanishads; The Brahamanas; The Aranyakas; The Rig Veda; The Sama Veda; The Yajur Veda; The Atharv Veda; Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji; The Holy Qoran; the Holy Bible; The Torah; Srimad Bhagavada Gita; Srimad Bhagavatam; Spiritual Consciousness or Spiritual Intelligence, available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1001_5#:~:text=spiritual%20consciousness%20stems%20from%20the,to%20one%20of%20consciousness%20and (last visited on September 11, 2024).[11] Indian History, available at: https://nsktu.ac.in/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CDOE-Study-PRAK-Sastri-Paper.4.-Indian-History.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024).[12] Evolution of Judicial System of Ancient India, available at: https://ijesrr.org/publication/50/1.%20dec%202017%20ijesrr.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024).[13]The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024); [13] History: Supreme Court of India, available at: https://main.sci.gov.in/pdf/Museum/m2.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); Constitution of India: 1950, available at: https://www.constitutionofindia.net/constitution/constitution-of-india-1950/ (last visited September 11, 2024).[14] The Indian Judicial System: A Historical Survey, available at: https://allahabadhighcourt.in/event/TheIndianJudicialSystem_SSDhavan.html (last visited on September 11, 2024).[15] History: Supreme Court of India, available at: https://main.sci.gov.in/pdf/Museum/m2.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); Constitution of India: 1950, available at: https://www.constitutionofindia.net/constitution/constitution-of-india-1950/ (last visited September 11, 2024).[16] Constituent assembly Debates, available at: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1171678/?type=print (last visited on September 11, 2024); About the Supreme Court of India: Supreme Court Observer, available at: https://www.scobserver.in/about/supreme-court-of-india/supreme-court-of-india-overview/ (last visited on September 11, 2024).[17] N.S. Krishnaswami Ayyangar and Others v Perumal Goundan and Others, PC (1949).[18] About the Supreme Court of India: Supreme Court Observer, available at: https://www.scobserver.in/about/supreme-court-of-india/supreme-court-of-india-overview/ (last visited on September 11, 2024); H. Venkatchala Iyyenagr v B.N. Thimaajama and Others, 1959 AIR 443.[19] About the Supreme Court of India: Supreme Court Observer, available at: https://www.scobserver.in/about/supreme-court-of-india/supreme-court-of-india-overview/ (last visited on September 11, 2024).[20] J.W. Harris, The Basic Norm and The Basic Law, https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/honkon24&div=33&id=&page=, available at: (last visited on September 11, 2024); Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, The Pure Theory of Law, available at :https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/honkon24&div=33&id=&page= (last visited on September 11. 2024); Open Edition Journals, Fundamental Theory of Law, available at: https://journals.openedition.org/revus/5667 (last visited on September 11, 2024); Hans Kelsen, The General Theory of Law and State (1999); PSA Pillai, Jurisprudence and Legal Theory (2022); Ronald Dworkin, The Law’s Empire (1986).[21] Living Tree Doctrine: Centre for Constitutional Studies, available at: https://www.constitutionalstudies.ca/2019/07/living-tree-doctrine/ (last visited on September 11, 2024); Living Tree Doctrine: Role of Indian Judiciary Against Constitutional Silence in India, available at: https://www.rsrr.in/_files/ugd/286c9c_e47e66058b11400da5a404b3a648e316.pdf?index=true (last visited on September 11, 2024); Living Tree Doctrines of the Canadian Constitution and the Indigenous Law, available at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1428&context=djls (last visited on September 11, 2024); Living Tree: Osgoode School of Law, available at: https://digitalcommons.osgoode.yorku.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1721&context=scholarly_works (last visited on September 11, 2024); The Trouble with Living Tree Interpretation, available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/UQLawJl/2006/2.pdf (last visited on September 11, 2024); Living Tree Doctrine: Role of Indian Judiciary against Constitutional Silence in India, available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3787907 (last visited on September 11, 2024); The Original Living Tree, available at: https://www.canlii.org/en/commentary/doc/2019CanLIIDocs4296 (last visited on September 11, 2024); Living Tree Doctrines and the Canadian Constitutional and Legislative Laws, available at: https://digitalcommons.schulichlaw.dal.ca/djls/vol31/iss1/2/ (last visited on September 11, 2024); View of the Original Living Tree, available at: https://journals.library.ualberta.ca/constitutional_forum/index.php/constitutional_forum/article/view/29376/21375 (last visited on September 11, 2024); Justice (Retd.) A.K. Sikri, Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law: In the theatre of democracy (2023); Fali S. Nariman, You Must Know your Constitution (2023); H.R. Khanna, Making of India’s Constitution( 2022); K.G. Kannabiran, A Speaking Constitution (2022); Rohit De, The People’s Constitution (2018); Granville Austin, Working a Democratic Constitution: A History of India’s Constitution (2003); Arghya Sengupta, The Colonial Constitution (2023); Lokendra Malik, the Power of Raisina Hill- The Constitutional Position, Functions and Powers of the President of India (2023); David A. Strauss, The Living Constitution; Gilles A. Tarabout, Conflict; Lawrence B Solum, ‘What is Originalism? The Evolution of Contemporary Originalist Theory’, available at: https://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2362&context=facpub (last visited on September 11, 2024); Bradley W. Miller, Grand Huscroft, The Challenge of Originalism: Theories of Constitutional Interpretation (Cambridge University Press 2011).

[1] ‘Access to Justice for Women in India’ accessed 17 November 2024.[2] “Legal Aid in India: Current Scenario and Future Challenges,” MANUPATRA, https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Legal-Aid-in-India-current-scenario-and-future-challenges (Nov. 17, 2024).[3] Shayara Bano & Tanja Herklotz, The Indian Supreme Court’s Ban of Triple Talaq and the Debate around Muslim Personal Law and Gender Justice, 621 SEMINAR (2011).[4]Mohana Rao Pedada, Concept of Marriage, Matrimonial Causes in Conflict of Laws - Issues and Challenges, 2 INDIAN J. LAW & LEGAL RES. 123 (2021).[5] Maheshvari Naidu, ‘Indian Women in Marriage: When the Sacred Marriage Thread Becomes a Noose’ (2011) 25 Agenda 84.[6] Manav Adhikar Bhawan, National Human Rights Commission Bored Markers LLP, New Delhi Quick Offset, (New Delhi 2021).[7] Shilpa B.P. et al., A Study of Women’s Access to Justice Through Legal Aid Services in India, 21 MIGRATION LETTERS 1596 (2024).[8] N. Bhagya Lakshmi, Mediation: Marriage Conflict Resolution Therapy, BHARATI L. REV. (2024)[9] Neelam Tyagi, Women, Matrimonial Litigation and Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): Transforming Indian Justice Delivery System for Achieving Gender Justice (2021).

[1] Ashis Kumar Pradhan, External Commercial Borrowings by the Corporate Sector in India, 20 J. Public Aff. 1 (2019), https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334511641_External_commercial_borrowings_by_the_corporate_sector_in_India[2] Ashima Obhan & Akanksha Dua, Evolution of the Indian ECB Framework, Mondaq (Apr. 22, 2019), https://www.mondaq.com/india/contracts-and-commercial-law/799160/evolution-of-the-indian-ecb-framework[3] Balance of Payment Crisis, 1991 – History, Causes, Effects, Government Measures & Role of Manmohan Singh, Textbook (Aug. 28, 2023), https://testbook.com/ias-preparation/balance-payment-crisis-1991[4] Bretton Woods and the Birth of the World Bank, World Bank, https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history/exhibits/Bretton-Woods-and-the-Birth-of-the-World-Bank   (last visited sep.5, 2024)[5] The Indian Economy: A Review (Part - I), Drishti IAS, Feb. 28, 2024, https://www.drishtiias.com/summary-of-important-reports/the-indian-economy-a-review-part-i[6] Arvind Panagariya, India in the 1980s and 1990s: A Triumph of Reforms, IMF Working Paper WP/04/43, at 1 (Mar. 2004), https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2004/wp0443.pdf[7] Reserve Bank of Australia, The Global Financial Crisis, https://www.rba.gov.au/education/resources/explainers/the-global-financial-crisis.html ,(last visited oct. 25, 2024).[8] Arunperumal, A., External Commercial Borrowings in India - An Overview, 4 INT'L J. Recent & Innovation Trends Computing & comm. 208 (2016), https://ijritcc.org/index.php/ijritcc/article/download/2631/2631/2606[9] Swami Prasad Saxena, Dynamics of External Commercial Borrowings in India, 41 Bus. Analyst 137, 137–54 (2012), https://www.srcc.edu/system/files/6_0.pdf[10] S. Gupta, External Commercial Borrowing: Quest in India, 1 INT'L J. Multidisciplinary approach & stud. 4 (2014), http://ijmas.com/upcomingissue/26.04.2014.pdf[11] Sahoo, MS, Report of the Committee to Review the Framework of Access to Domestic and Overseas Capital Markets (Ministry of Finance, Government of India 2015), Phase II, Part II: Foreign Currency Borrowing, Report III[12] Reserve Bank of India, Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits, RBI/2007-2008/23, Master Circular No. /02/2007-08 (July 2, 2007), https://www.rbi.org.in/Commonperson/english/scripts/Notification.aspx?Id=300[13] Abhinav Harlalka& Karan Karla, External Commercial Borrowings: Regulatory Framework Substantially Relaxed, Nishith Desai Associates (Feb. 1, 2019), https://www.nishithdesai.com/SectionCategory/33/Regulatory-Hotline/12/49/RegulatoryHotline/4572/3.html[14] Reserve Bank of India, Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits, RBI/2007-2008/23, Master Circular No. /02/2007-08 (Feb. 7, 2007), https://www.rbi.org.in/Commonperson/english/scripts/Notification.aspx?Id=300#:~:text=(i)%20For%20ECB%20up%20to,the%20direct%20foreign%20equity%20holding).[15] Reserve Bank of India, Master Circular on External Commercial Borrowings and Trade Credits, RBI/2014-15/3, Master Circular No. 12/2014-15 (July 1, 2014, updated through June 11, 2015), https://www.rbi.org.in/commonman/english/Scripts/Notification.aspx?Id=1388[16] R. Vimal Kumar, Transition from FERA to FEMA Significant: RBI Official, The Hindu (June 13, 2015, 5:38 AM IST), https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/transition-from-fera-to-fema-significant-rbi-official/article7311654.ece[17] Foreign Exchange Management Act, § 6(2), No. 42 of 1999, India Code (1999)[18] § 6(2), Foreign Exchange Management Act, No. 42 of 1999, India Code (1999)[19] § 6(2)(c), Foreign Exchange Management Act, No. 42 of 1999, India Code (1999).[20] Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2000, Notification No. FEMA 3/RB-2000, Gazette of India (2000)[21] The Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2000, § 6(1), Notification No. FEMA 3/RB-2000, Gazette of India (2000)[22] The Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2000, § 6(3)(j), Notification No. FEMA 3/RB-2000, Gazette of India (2000)[23] Foreign Exchange Management Act, § 47, No. 42 of 1999, India Code (1999)[24] Foreign Exchange Management (Guarantees) Regulations, 2000, Regulation 3, Notification No. FEMA 3/RB-2000, Gazette of India (2000)[25] Business Standard, Friday, December 6, 2024, 09:28 AM IST, https://www.business-standard.com/economy/news/ecb-registrations-double-to-49-2-bn-in-fy24-net-inflows-touch-9-5-bn-124052301462_1.html

[1] ‘Enka Insaat vs v Chubb Re Arbitration: Expert Evidence’ (Expert Evidence | Specialists in Dispute Resolution, 25 January 2023) accessed 6 October 2024[2] Enka Insaat Ve Sanayi AS (Respondent) v OOO Insurance Company Chubb (Appellant), Supreme Court, 9 October 2020, UKSC 38 (UK) accessed 6 October 2024[3] ‘BREXIT, ENGLISH LAW AND THE ENGLISH COURTS: WHERE ARE WE NOW?’ (clifford chance, August 2018) accessed 6 October 2024[4] Landbrecht J and others, ‘Evolution of the EU Arbitration Law: From Conflict of Laws Rules to Substantive Requirements’ (Kluwer Arbitration Blog, 3 September 2024) accessed 6 October 2024  [5] Milica S, ‘Wiki Note: Seat of Arbitration’ (Ugale Anastasiya ed, Jus Mundi Academic Research, 19 June 2023) accessed 6 October 2024[6] Tench D and others (eds), ‘Case Comment: Enka Insaat ve Sanayi a.s. v OOO Insurance Company Chubb [2020] UKSC 38’ (UKSCBlog, 12 November 2020) accessed 6 October 2024[7] Sulamérica Cia Nacional de Seguros SA v Enesa Engenharia SA [2012] EWCA Civ 638 (High Court of Justice of England and Wales)[8] Tench D and others (eds), ‘Case Comment: Enka Insaat ve Sanayi a.s. v OOO Insurance Company Chubb [2020] UKSC 38’ (UKSCBlog, 12 November 2020) accessed 6 October 2024[9] Ibid.[10] Ibid.  [11] ‘Enka Insaat vs v Chubb Re Arbitration: Expert Evidence’ (Expert Evidence | Specialists in Dispute Resolution, 25 January 2023) accessed 6 October 2024[12] Anupam Mittal v Westbridge Ventures II Investment Holdings [2023] SGCA 1[13] BCY v. BCZ [2016] SGHC 249[14] Kapil Arora AT, ‘Law Governing Arbitration Agreement: Which Way Are Indian Courts Headed?’ (Dispute Resolution Blog, 20 August 2024) accessed 6 October 2024 [15] Ibid.  [16] Ibid.[17] National Thermal Power Corporation v. Singer Company (1992) 3 SCC 551[18] Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd v. ONGC (1998) 1 SCC 305[19] Indtel Technical Services Pvt Ltd v. W.S. Atkins Rail Ltd (2008) 10 SCC 308[20] Union of India v. Hardy Exploration (2019) 13 SCC 472[21] Carzonrent India v. Hertz International (2015) SCC OnLine Del 10085[22] Sakuma Exports Ltd v. Louis Dreyfus Commodities Suisse SA (2015) 5 SCC 656[23] Katra Holdings Ltd v. Corsair Investments Ltd (2018) SCC OnLine Bom 4031[24] HSBC PI Holdings (Mauritius) Ltd v. Avitel Post Studioz Ltd (2014) SCC OnLine Bom 102[25] National Agricultural Co-op Marketing Federation of India Ltd. v. Gains Trading Ltd (2007) (5) SCC 692

[1] International Court of Justice, Legality of the Use of Force (Serbia and Montenegro v. United States of America), Judgment, ICJ Reports, 2004, p. 5.[2] United Nations Charter, Article 51[3] Geneva Conventions, 12 August 1949, and Additional Protocols I and II, 8 June 1977.[4] Human Rights Watch, "Israel: Gaza Conflict in 2014," 2014. Available at: www.hrw.org.[5] United Nations, Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict, A/HRC/29/52, 2015.[6] International Criminal Court, Situation in Palestine, ICC-01/18, 2019.[7] The United Nations General Assembly, "The Right of the Palestinian People to Self-Determination," A/RES/67/19, 2012.[8] International Committee of the Red Cross, International Humanitarian Law and the Gaza Conflict, 2009.[9] Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, Aug. 12, 1949, 75 U.N.T.S. 31.[10] Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949 and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts, June 8, 1977, 1125 U.N.T.S. 3.[11] Common Article 3 of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Art. 3.[12] Jean-Marie Henckaerts & Louise Doswald-Beck, Customary International Humanitarian Law 45 (International Committee of the Red Cross, 2005).[13] Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, Art. 48.[14] Human Rights Watch, Israel: Gaza Conflict in 2014, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2015/country-chapters/israel/palestine.[15] Amnesty International, Gaza: Israel’s Indiscriminate Attacks on Gaza Have Led to War Crimes, Aug. 2014, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2014/08/gaza-israel-indiscriminate-attacks/.[16] Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions, Art. 51(5)(b).[17] United Nations, Report of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict, A/HRC/29/52 (2015).[18] Id[19] International Criminal Court, Situation in Palestine, ICC-01/18 (2019).[20] United Nations, Gaza Conflict: UN Role in Ceasefire Efforts, U.N. Press Release, Dec. 2014.[21] U.N. Charter art. 51[22] U.N. Charter art. 51[23] Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States), Judgment, 1986 I.C.J. Rep. 14, ¶ 195.[24] Id[25] Ibid[26] "Israel’s Justification for Military Operations in Gaza," Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (2020).[27] Nicaragua v. United States, 1986 I.C.J. 14, ¶ 195.[28] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, “Defensive Military Actions and the Gaza Conflict” (2021).[29] Human Rights Watch, "Israeli Airstrikes in Gaza: Assessing the Proportionality and Impact on Civilians," 2014.[30] International Court of Justice, Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (2004), Advisory Opinion, I.C.J. Rep. 136, ¶ 139.[31] International Committee of the Red Cross, “International Humanitarian Law and the Conflict in Gaza,” (2009), available at https://www.icrc.org/en.[32] U.N. Human Rights Council, “Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict,” A/HRC/12/48, 25 September 2009.[33] United Nations, Security Council Resolution 1860, S/RES/1860 (2009).[34] U.S. Department of State, "U.S. Statements on the Gaza Conflict," (2020), available at https://www.state.gov.[35] Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, "Israel's Right to Self-Defense," (2012), available at https://mfa.gov.il.[36] The Palestinian Authority and Hamas: A Historical and Political Analysis, Journal of Middle East Politics, vol. 13, no. 2, 2014.[37] Eyal Benvenisti, The International Law of Occupation 182 (2d ed. 2012).[38] U.N. Charter art. 51.[39] International Committee of the Red Cross, International Humanitarian Law and the Conflict in Gaza, (July 2009), https://www.icrc.org/en/document/international-humanitarian-law-and-conflict-gaza.[40] United Nations, Human Rights Council Report on the Gaza Conflict A/HRC/12/48 (2009).[41] United Nations, Report of the United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict (2009), A/HRC/12/48.[42] International Criminal Court, Prosecutor v. Omar Al Bashir (Case No. ICC-02/05-01/09) (June 2010).[43] U.N. Security Council, Resolution 1860 (2009), S/RES/1860 (2009).[44] ICRC, Additional Protocols to the Geneva Conventions, art. 3(1), 8 U.N. J. 10.[45] U.N. General Assembly, Report of the Secretary-General on the Protection of Civilians in Armed Conflict (A/67/779), (2013).[46] U.N. Security Council, Resolution 1539, S/RES/1539 (2004).[47] U.N. Charter art. 51.