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[1] Dr. Shaji. M, Assistant Professor in Law, BSA Crescent institute of Science and Technology, shajihnlu@gmail.com[2] Halbury Laws of England, 2022, 47A, 16.[3] Indian-Express, ‘Explained: India’s First Maritime Arbitration Centre, Coming Up in Gandhinagar’ (Indian Express, 29 June 2021) https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/indias-maritime-arbitration-centre-gujarat-gandhinagar-7373894/ accessed 10 December 2024.[4]LexisNexis, ‘Maritime Arbitration—An Introduction’ (LexisNexis, 2024) https://www.lexisnexis.co.uk/legal/guidance/maritime-arbitration-an-introduction accessed 10 December 2024.[5] Bernheimer, Charles L. “The Advantages of Arbitration Procedure.” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 124 (1926): 98–104. (May 11, 2024, 3:30 PM)[6] Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, §85[7] See Hay, David. Halsbury’s Laws of India. Vol. 2, Butterworths India, 1999, p.175.[8] Classification of an Arbitration as “International” under Indian Law, (2009) 4 SCC J-27[9] Classification of an Arbitration as “International” under Indian Law, (2009) 4 SCC J-27[10] Konkan Railway Corpn. Ltd. v. Mehul Construction Co, (2000) 7 SCC 201[11] Classification of an Arbitration as “International” under Indian Law, (2009) 4 SCC J-27[12]India-Briefing, ‘Modernizing India’s Maritime Economy: 2 Bills Tabled in Parliament’ (India Briefing, 2024) https://www.india-briefing.com/news/modernizing-indias-maritime-economy-2-bills-tabled-parliament-35359.html/#:~:text=The%20Merchant%20Shipping%20Bill%2C%202024%2C%20aims%20to%20modernize%20India's%20maritime,standards%20and%20addresses%20emerging%20challenges accessed 10 December 2024.[13]The Hindu, ‘Coastal Shipping Bill Introduced in Lok Sabha Amid Din’ (The Hindu, 2024) https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/coastal-shipping-bill-introduced-in-lok-sabha-amid-din/article68938025.ece accessed 10 December 2024.[14] Rexlegalis, ‘Indian Merchant Shipping Bill, 2024: A Landmark Reform to Boost Indian Shipping Industry’ (Rex Legalis, 2024) https://rexlegalis.com/2024/12/indian-merchant-shipping-bill-2024-a-landmark-reform-to-boost-indian-shipping-industry/ accessed 10 December 2024.[15] See Dhruv Srivastava and Abeer Tiwari, “Arbitration in the Indian Maritime Sector: Birbal’s Khichdi in the Contemporary World?” (May 15, 2024, 4:30 PM) https://ijpiel.com/index.php/2022/12/22/arbitration-in-the-indian-maritime-sector-birbals-khichdi-in-t he-contemporary-world/>[16] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), 1982[17] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 298, 1833 U.N.T.S. 222 (1994)[18] UNCLOS - United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea." United Nations, (June 15, 2024, 3:31 PM) www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/unclos_e.pdf.[19] Smith J et al, ‘Sustainable Management of Southern Bluefin Tuna Stocks’ (2010) 12 Journal of Marine Conservation 45.[20] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 61, 1833 U.N.T.S. 222 (1994)[21] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 287, 1833 U.N.T.S. 222 (1994)[22] Environmental Impact Assessment Group. (Year). "Aftermath of the Southern Bluefin Tuna Arbitration: Environmental Implications." Ocean and Coastal Management, 15(3), 210-225.][23] Theidrc, ‘What is History of Arbitration in India’ (Theidrc, 2024) https://theidrc.com/content/adr-faqs/what-is-history-of-arbitration-in-india accessed 10 December 2024.[24] The 'Enrica Lexie' Incident (Italy v India) (PCA, 26 June 2015) https://pca-cpa.org/en/cases/117/ accessed 10 December 2024.[25]UNITED NATIONS COMMISSION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE LAW (1958), https://uncitral.un.org/sites/uncitral.un.org/files/media-documents/uncitral/en/new-york-conve ntion-e.pdf.[26] United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, art. 17, 1833 U.N.T.S. 222 (1994)[27] MV Elizabeth v Harwan Investment & Trading Pvt Ltd [1993] AIR 1014, [1992] SCR (1) 1003.[28] Blue Diamond Freight Pvt Ltd v MV Indurva Vally Appeal Lodging No 503 of 2003.[29] M/S. Crescent Petroleum Ltd. vs M.V. "Monchegorsk" & Another, (2000) 1 BOMLR 297[30] M.V. Sea Success I v Liverpool and London Steamship Protection and Indemnity Association Ltd [2002] AIR Bom 151.

[1] Author, B. Com LL. B (Hons.), School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law UniversityChennai -600113, manjarivenkat1@gmail.com.[2] Co -Author, B. Com LL. B (Hons.), School of Excellence in Law, Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law UniversityChennai -600113, nandithasuresh19@gmail.com.[3] The Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, 1979.[4] Vohra Rupa and Sen, A.K., Status, Education and Problems of Indian Women”, 1989, Akshat Pub, Delhi, p.74.[5] Haralombos, M. and Heald, R.M., “Sociology, Themes and Perspectives”, 1998, Oxford University Pub., New Delhi, p.382[6] Haralombos, M. and Heald, R.M., “Sociology, Themes and Perspectives”, 1998, Oxford University Pub., New Delhi, p.381.[7] 1979 (4) SCC 260.[8] 1983 AIR 130.[9] (2005) IILJ629MAD.[10] 11/05/2004.[11] AIRONLINE 2019 RAJ 1187.[12] AIRONLINE 2012 SCR.[13] 2001 IILLJ843MAD.[14] AIR 12 1978 SCR (1).[15] AIR 2000 SC 1274.[16] C/81& 185/2009.[17] 1991(63) FLR638.[18] 1999 SCR.[19]1974 AIR 366.

[1]Dan Saxon (Ed.), International Humanitarian Law and the Changing Technology of War (2020).[2] Robert Sparrow, Killer Robots: The Future of War? (Routledge 2017).[3] James Crawford, Responsibility of States and Individuals in International Law, Oxford International Law Library (Oxford University Press 2014).[4] Nathan Leys, Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Crises, Strategic Studies Quarterly, Vol. 12, No. 1 (SPRING 2018), pp. 48-73 (26 pages).[5] U.N. Office for Disarmament Affairs, Autonomous Weapons Systems: Technical, Military, and Legal Aspects (2017).[6] Benjamin Wittes, The Future of Violence: Robots and Drones, Cyberwar, and Cybersecurity (Brookings Institution Press 2015).[7] Autonomous Weapon Systems and International Humanitarian Law, Journal of International Law, 381-405 (2018).[8] J.D. Ohlin, ‘The Combatant’s Stance: Autonomous Weapons on the Battlefield’, International Law Studies (2016), at 9–10, 21.[9] Art. 48, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention), 75 UNTS 287, 12 August 1949.[10] Art. 51, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention), 75 UNTS 287, 12 August 1949.[11] Art. 57, International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War (Fourth Geneva Convention), 75 UNTS 287, 12 August 1949.[12] Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons, 21 December 2001.[13] Protocol III, Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons, 21 December 2001.[14] Protocol IV, Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons, 21 December 2001.[15] Bhuta, Nehal et al., Autonomous Weapons Systems: Law, Ethics, Policy (2016).[16] Roger S Clark, ‘The Mental Element in International Criminal Law: The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court and the Elements of Offences’ (2001) 217 Criminal Law Forum.[17] MOHAMED ELEWA BADAR, ‘The Mental Element in the Rome Statute Of The International Criminal Court: A Commentary from A Comparative Criminal Law Perspective’ (2008) 19 Criminal Law Forum 473, 475.[18] US - UAV[19] National Academy of Science, Eng., & Med., Autonomous Vehicles: Status, Challenges, and Opportunities for Smart Growth, 11-36 (2019).[20] Id.[21] Rizky Citra, A Defense for Guardian Robots: Are Defensive Autonomous Weapons Systems Justifiable?, Harvard Law Journal, 8 February 2024.[22] Id.[23] Dr. Marta Bo, Three Individual Criminal Responsibility Gaps with Autonomous Weapon Systems, 29 November 2022.[24] International Committee of the Red Cross, Autonomous Weapon Systems and the Law: The Human Role, ICRC Law & Policy Blog (Nov. 11, 2021).[25] Id.

[1] Dr Bhagyashree A Deshpande, Text Book on Cyber Law (Central law publication, first edition, 2019)[2] CS Aisha Begum Ansari, Quarterly Cybersecurity Incident Reporting: SEBI Circular vs. Board Meeting Discussion- An Analysis155 taxmann.com 77 (2023)[3] Government of India, Report:  Enhancing Cyber Security in India (Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, 2022)[4] Talat Fatima, Cyber Crimes (Eastern Book Company,2nd edn. 2018)[5] https://www.pwc.in/industries/financial-services/fintech/fintech-insights/neobanks-and-the-next-banking-revolution.html (Visited on March 3, 2024)[6] Tan, Koontorm Center, “Phishing and Spamming via IM (SPIM)”.[7] White Paper, Phishing, Vashing and Smishing: Old Threats Present New Risks (September, October, and November 2009) RSA Monthly Online Fraud Report 1.[8] White Paper, Phishing, Vashing and Smishing: Old Threats Present New Risks (September, October, and November 2009) RSA Monthly Online Fraud Report 1[9] Talat Fatima, Cyber Crimes (Eastern Boom Company, second edition, 2016)[10] Yogesh Barua, Frauds and Financial Crimes in Cyberspace (Dominant Publishers and Distributors ,1st edition, 2005)[11] Yogesh Barua, Frauds and Financial Crimes in Cyberspace (Dominant Publishers and Distributors, 1st edition, 2005)[12] White Paper, Phishing, Vashing and Smishing: Old Threats Present New Risks (September, October, and November 2009) RSA Monthly Online Fraud Report 1[13] White Paper, Phishing, Vashing and Smishing: Old Threats Present New Risks (September, October, and November 2009) RSA Monthly Online Fraud Report 1