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[1] World Health Organization, "Medical Tourism," last modified 2023.

[2] Ministry of Tourism, Government of India, "Annual Report on Medical Tourism in India," 2023.

[3] Gupta, A., "The Evolution of Medical Tourism in India," Journal of Health Studies, vol. 12, no. 1 (2023): 45-60.

[4] Indian Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, "Healthcare Infrastructure Upgrades and Their Impact," 2022.

[5] Indian Medical Council Act, 1956 (Act No. 102 of 1956), Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.

[6] Clinical Establishments (Registration and Regulation) Act, 2010 (Act No. 23 of 2010), Ministry of Law and Justice, Government of India.

[7] Sharma, D., and Kumar, P., "Ethical Considerations in Medical Tourism: A Critical Analysis," Ethics in Health, vol. 15, no. 3 (2023): 134-145.

[8] National Health Policy, Government of India, "Addressing the Equity Challenge in Healthcare," 2017.

[9] Medical Tourism Magazine, "Case Study: Legal Dispute Resolution in Medical Tourism," Issue 58, 2023.

[10] Jones, M., "Comparative Analysis of Medical Tourism in India and Thailand," Global Health Review, vol. 18, no. 4 (2023): 200-220.

[11] Indian Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, "Telemedicine Guidelines for India," 2023.

[12] Patel, S., "Blockchain in Healthcare: A New Era for Medical Tourism in India," TechHealth Journal, vol. 7, no. 1 (2023): 75-89.

[13] Economic Times, "Special Economic Zones: The Next Frontier for Medical Tourism in India," 2023.

[14] Global Wellness Institute, "Trends in Wellness and Medical Tourism," 2023.

[15] World Medical Tourism & Global Healthcare Congress, "India's Role in the Future of Global Medical Tourism," 2023.

[16] World Medical Tourism & Global Healthcare Congress, "India's Role in the Future of Global Medical Tourism," 2023.

[1] The Income Tax Act 1995

[2] 1959 AIR 1177,1960 SCR (1) 249

[3] (1939) 41 BOMLR 1150

[1] https://www.indiatoday.in/amp/india/story/backlog-cases-in-courts-pendency-figure

[2]The Hindu, 07/10/2018

[3] DAKSH, Access to Justice Survey, 2017

[4] DAKSH, Access to Justice Survey, 2017

[5] Ibid

[6] DAKSH, Access to Justice Survey, 2017

[7] DAKSH, Access to Justice Survey, 2017

[8]Why Do Indian Courts Take So Long To Deliver Justice?, available at:https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2017/02/indian-judiciary-failure-and-solutions/ (last visited on October 5, 2019).

[9]A Study of Law School Based Legal Services Clinics, available at: https://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/library/democratic_governance/a_study_of_law_schoolbasedlegalservicesclinics.html (last visited on October 10, 2019).

[10] https://www.lawoctopus.com/academike/legal-aid-and-legal-schools/

[11] https://barandbench.com/active-engagement-with-practice-enables-legal-shamnad-basheer-petition-to-bci/

[12] 17 October, 2012

[13] 25 September, 2018

[14] Harvard Law Review, Vol.25, JSTOR

[15]A Study of Law School Based Legal Services Clinics, available at: https://www.in.undp.org/content/india/en/home/library/democratic_governance/a_study_of_law_schoolbasedlegalservicesclinics.html (last visited on October 10, 2019).

[16] Status of Fast Track Courts in India, available at: https://legaldesire.com/status-of-fast-track-courts-in-india/ (last visited on October 10, 2019).

[17]Why Do Indian Courts Take So Long To Deliver Justice?, https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2017/02/indian-judiciary-failure-and-solutions/ (last visited on October 5, 2019).

[18] Ibid

[19]Why Do Indian Courts Take So Long To Deliver Justice?, https://www.youthkiawaaz.com/2017/02/indian-judiciary-failure-and-solutions/ (last visited on October 5, 2019).

[20] Ibid

[1] Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment, 1972, 11 ILM 1416 (1972).

[2] Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, 1998, 38 ILM 517 (1999).

[3] Paris Agreement on Climate Change, UN Doc. FCCC/CP/2015/L.9/Rev.1, 12 December 2015; Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate (2019).

[4] Oran Young, ‘Building an International Regime Complex for the Arctic: Current Status and Next Steps’ (2012) 2(2) Polar Journal 391; Oran Young, ‘The Shifting Landscape of Arctic Politics: Implications for International Cooperation’ (2016) 6(2) Polar Journal 218; Oran Young, Creating Regimes: Arctic Accords and International Governance (1998) at 80

[5] Gregory Shaffer and Daniel Bodansky, ‘Transnationalism, Unilateralism and International Law’ (2012) 1(1) Transnational Envtl L Rev 31.

[6] <https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/3/2019/11/05_SROCC_Ch01_FINAL.pdf>).

[7] Agenda 21, UN Doc A/CONF. 151/26 (1992).

*Author – Satendra Rajput (NanaG.), Ph.D. Research Scholar, Himachal Pradesh National Law University, Shimla.

[1] Lynn Hunt, The Invention of Pornography, 1500–1800 Obscenity and the Origins of Modernity, Book review.

[2] Ibid.

[3] India Today, Survey shows majority of teens are not guilty of watching porn online, over 50 per cent watched it accidentally, Available at https://www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/survey-shows-majority-of-teens-are-not-guilty-of-watching-porn-online-over-50-per-cent-watched-it-accidentally-2322214-2023-01-16

[4] Ibid.

[5] Kingston, D. A., & Malamuth, N. M. (2011). Problems with aggregate data and the importance of individual differences in the study of pornography and sexual aggression: Comment on Diamond, Jozifkova, and Weiss (2010). Archives of Sexual Behavior, 40, 1045– 1048. doi:10.1007/s10508-011-9743-3.

[6] Kutchinsky, B. (1991). Pornography and rape: Theory and practice? Evidence from crime data in four countries where pornography is easily available. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 14, 47– 64. doi:10.1016/0160-2527(91)90024-H.

[7] Hald, G. M., & Malamuth, N. M. (2008). Self-perceived effects of pornography consumption. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 37, 614–625. doi:10.1007/s10508- 007-9212-1.

[8] J. Manning, Who said pornography was accepted in the workplace? An investigation into the use of pornography, NHS fertility clinics London (2010).

[9] P. Paul, Pornified: How pornography is transforming our lives, our relationships, and our families. New York,  Time Books (2005).

[10] K. Wylie, K., & A.A. Pacey, Using erotica in government-funded health service clinics, 8 Journal of Sexual Medicine, 1261–1265 (2011).

[11] Eleanor Heartney, Pornography, 50(4) Art Journal, 16 -19, (1991).

[12] Ibid.

[13] Saurabh Kirpal (Edited), Sex and the Supreme Court How the Law is Upholding the Dignity of the Indian Citizen, (Hachette India, 2020).

[14] United States Sentencing Commission, The History of the Child Pornography Guidelines (CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2017).

[15] Ibid.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Peter Lehman, Pornography Film and Culture, 32-40 (Rutgers University Press, 2006).

[18] S. 292, Indian Penal Code 1860 (Act No. 45 of 1860) India. (Section 292 – Sale, etc., of obscene books, etc.).

[19] Id. at S. 293. (Section 293 – Sale, etc., of obscene objects to young person).

[20] K.A. Pandey, 5 Penal Code, 644 (4th Ed., Easter Book Company, 2022).

[21] Supra Note 18 at S. 463 (Section 463 – Forgery).

[22] Id., at S. 435 (Section 435 – Punishment for forgery)

[23] Id., at S. 471 (Section 471 – Using as genuine a forged document or electronic record).

[24] State of Punjab v. Major Singh, 1967 AIR 63.

[25] Supra Note 18 at S. 509 (Section 509 - Word, gesture or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman) .

[26] Id., at S. 499 (Section 499 – Defamation).

[27] Id., at S. 500 (Section 500 – Punishment for defamation).

[28] Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act No. 21 of 2000) Parliament (India).

[29] Id., at S. 66E (Section 66E – Punishment for violation of privacy).

[30] K. S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India and Ors, AIR 2018 SC (SUPP) 1841.

[31] Ibid.

[32] Supra Note 28 at S. 67 (Section 67 – Punishment for publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form).

[33] Id., at S. 67A (Section 67A – Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material containing sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form).

[34] Id., at S. 67B (Section 67B – Punishment for publishing or transmitting of material depicting children in sexually explicit act, etc., in electronic form).

[35] Id., at S. 79 (Section 79 – Exemption from liability of intermediary in certain cases).

[36] Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines) Rules, 2011 (G.S.R. 314(E)).

[37] Protection of Children from of Sexual Offences Act, 2012 (Act No. 32 of 2012) Parliament (India).

[38] Women's Indecent Representation (Prohibition) Act, 1986 (Act No. 60 of 1986) Parliament (India).

[39] P. Ishwarya, The Indecent Representation of Women (Prohibition) Act, 1986 (HARPERCOLLINS 360, 2022).

[40] Ibid.

[41] Ibid.

[42] Ibid.

[43] Ministry of Electronics & IT, Restriction of Pornographic Websites, Available at  https://pib.gov.in/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=1881412.

[44] Ministry of Communications and Information Technology Available at https://www.meity.gov.in/sites/upload_files/dit/files/RNUS_CyberLaw_15411.pdf.

[45] Supra Note 34.

[46] Ranjit D. Udeshi v. State of Maharashtra, 1965 AIR 881.

[47] Aveek Sarkar v. State of West Bengal, AIR 2014 SC 1495.

[48] Kamlesh Vaswani v. Union of India & Ors., Supreme Court on 26 February, 2016.

[49] Mehmood H. Qadri Et. Al., Psychosocial and Substance Abuse Effects of Pornography Addiction: A Narrative Review. 15(1) Cureus 12 (2023).

[50] Ibid.

[51] Art. 21, Constitution of India (Article 21 – Protection of life and personal liberty)

[52] Id., at Art. 19, (Article 19 – Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of speech, etc.).

[53] Id., at Art. 39(e), (Article 39(e) – that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children are not abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength)

[54] Id., at Art. 39(f), (Article 39(f) – that children are given opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment)

[55] Supra Note 48.

[56] Id., at Art. 15(3), (Article 15(3) – Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from making any special provision for women and children).

[57] Supra Note 47.