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[1] (1973) 4 SCC 225

[2] Indian Constitution, Article 326

[3] Indian Constitution, Article 327

[4] Indian Constitution, Article 328

[5] The Representation of the People’s Act, Section 62

[6] 1982 (1) SCC 691

[7] (1992) 4 SCC 80

[8] (2003) 4 SCC 399

[9] (2013) 10 SCC 1

[10] (2006) 7 SCC 1

[11] Supra Note 9

[12] (2023) 6 SCC 161

[13] Indian Constitution, Article 19(1)(a)

[14] Indian Constitution, Article 324(2)

[15] Indira Nehru Gandhi v. Raj Narain, 1975 AIR 865

[16] Supra Note 13

[17] (2021) 10 SCC 241

[18] Supra Note 14

[19] Indian Constitution, Article 13(2)

[20] Indian Constitution, Article 19(2)

[1] Gary B. Born, International Commercial Arbitration (3rd edn, Kluwer Law International 2021).

[2] UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (as adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on 21 June 1985, and as amended in 2006) art 7(1).

[3] Sarhank Group v Oracle Corporation [2005] 2d Cir 657, 665.

[4] McBro Planning & Develop v Triangle Elec [1984] 11th Cir 741 F.2d 342.

[5] Thomson-CSF SA v American Arbitration [1995] 2d Cir 64 F.3d 773, 776.

[6] Dow Chemical v Isover Saint Gobain [1982] ICC 4131.

[7] Cox and Kings Ltd v SAP India Ltd (2023) SCC OnLine 1634.

[8] Dow Chemical (n 6).

[9] Bernard Hanotiau and Leonardo Ohlrogge, ‘40th Year Anniversary of the Dow Chemical Award’ (2022) Vol 40 ASA Bulletin 300-308.

[10] Yves Derains, ‘Is there a Group of Companies Doctrine?’ (2013) Vol 7 Dossier of the ICC Institute of World Business Law 131-145.

[11] V 2000 (formerly Jaguar France) v Project XS (1996) Rev Arb 67.

[12] Cox & Kings Ltd (n 7).  

[13] A, B, C v. D and State of Libya (2018) 4A 636.

[14] Hanotiau (n 9).

[15] English Arbitration Act 1996, s 82(2).

[16] Roussel-Ulcaf v GD Searle and Co Ltd [1978] 1 Lloyd’s Rep.

[17] EAA 1996, s 82(2).

[18] City of London v Sancheti [2008] EWCA Civ 1283.

[19] Blackpool and Fylde Aero Club Ltd v Blackpool Borough Council [1990] 1 WLR 1195.

[20] Manuchar Steel Hong Kong Ltd V Star Pacific Line Pte Ltd [2014] SGHC 181.

[21] Chloro Controls India (P) Ltd v Severn Trent Water Purification Inc (2013) 1 SCC 641.

[22] The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (26 of 1996) s 2(1)(h).

[23] Ibid.

[24] Sukanya Holdings (P) Ltd v Jayesh H Pandya (2003) 5 SCC 531.

[25] Sumitomo Corporation v CDC Financial Services (Mauritius) Ltd (2008) 4 SCC 91.

[26] Indowind Energy Ltd v Wescasre (I) Ltd (2010) 5 SCC 306.

[27] A & CA 1996, s 2(1)(h).

[28] Tweddle v. Atkinson (1861) 1 B&S 393.

[29] Saloman v A Saloman & Co Ltd [1896] UKHL 1 [189] AC 22.

[30] Born (n 1).

[31] A & CA 1996, s 45.

[32] Chloro Controls (n 21) (72).

[33] A & CA 1996, s 45.

[34] A & CA 1996, s 8.

[35] Law Commission of India ‘Amendments to the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996’ (Law Com No. 246, August 2014)

[36] A & CA 1996, s 7.

[37] Cox & Kings Ltd (n 7).

[38] Cheran Properties Limited v Kasturi & Sons Limited & Ors (2018) 16 SCC 413.

[39] A & CA 1996, s 35.

[40] Cheran Properties Limited (n 38) (23).

[41] Ameet Lalchand Shah and Ors v Rishabh Enterprises (2018) 15 SCC 67.

[42] Reckitt Benckiser (India) (P) Ltd v Reynders Label Printing (India) (P) Ltd (2019) 7 SCC 6.

[43] Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd v Canara Bank (2020) 12 SCC 767.

[44] Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd v Discovery Enterprises (2022) 8 SCC 42.

[45] A & CA 1996, s 37(1)(a).

[46] Law Commission (n 35).

[47] A & CA 1996, s 8.

[48] Chloro Controls (n 21).

[49] A & CA 1996, s 45.

[50]  A & CA 1996, s 8.

[51] A & CA 1996, s 2(1)(h).

[52] A & CA 1996, s 7.

[53] Law Commission (n 35).

[54] Cox and Kings Ltd (n 7) (181).

[55] Chloro Controls (n 21) (72).

[56] Chloro Controls (n 21) (73).

[57] Cheran Properties (n 38).

[58] A & CA 1996, s 35.

[59] A & CA 1996, s 73.

[60] A & CA 1996, s 45.  

[61] A & CA 1996, s 35.

[62] Cox & Kings (n 7).

[63] Chloro Controls (n 21).

[64] Tanning Research Laboratories Inc v O’Brien [1990] HCA 8.

[65] A & CA 1996, s 9.

[66] A & CA 1996, s 8.

[67] A & CA 1996, s 73.

[68] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).

[69] A & CA 1996, s 35.

[70] A & CA 1996, s 73.

[71] Cox & Kings (n 7) (148).

[72] Ibid.

[73] UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration, (as adopted by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on 21 June 1985, and as amended in 2006).

[74] A & CA 1996, s 7(4).

[75] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).

[76] Rickmers Verwaltung Gmbh v Indian Oil Corporation Ltd (1999) 1 SCC 1.

[77] Rickmers (13).

[78] Rickmers (12).

[79] Rickmers (13).

[80] Babanrao Rajaram Pund v Samarth Builders and Developers (2022) 9 SCC 691.

[81] Babanrao (19).

[82] KK Modi v KN Modi (1998) 3 SCC 573 (17); Bihar State Mineral Development Corporation v Encon Builders (I) Pvt Ltd (2003) 7 SCC 418 (13).

[83] Chloro Controls (n 21) (72).

[84] Ibid (73).

[85] Kamla Devi v Takhatmal Land AIR 1964 SC 859; Bangalore Electricity Supply Co Ltd v E S Solar Power (P) Ltd (2021) 6 SCC 718.

[86] Bank of India v K Mohandas (2009) 5 SCC 313; M Dayanand Reddy v A P Industrial Infrastructure Corporation Ltd (1993) 3 SCC 137.

[87] Ayyasamy v A Paramsivam (2016) 10 SCC 386.

[88] Union of India v D N Revri (1976) 4 SCC 147.

[89] Bernard Hanotiau, ‘Consent to Arbitration : Do We Share a Common Vision?’  (2011) 27 (4) Arbitration International 539, 554.

[90] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).  

[91] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).  

[92] Chloro Controls (n 21).

[93] Cheran Properties (n  38).

[94] Ameet Lalchand Shah (n 41).

[95] Reckitt Benckiser (n 42).

[96] MTNL (n 43).

[97] ONGC (n 44).

[98] Dow Chemicals (n 6).  

[99] Cox & Kings (n 7).

[100] Rickmers (n 76).

[101] A & CA 1996, s 45.  

[102] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).

[103] A & CA 1996, s 7(4)(b).

[104] Rickmers (n 76).

[105] Babanrao (n 80).

[106] Stanley L. Paulson, ‘Subsumption, Derogation, and Noncontradiction in Legal Science’ [1981] The University of Chicago Law Review 802.

[107] Harris Kelsen, ‘Concept of Authority’ [1977] Cambridge LJ 353.

[108] Charlie Caher and Shanelle Irani, ‘The Group of Companies Doctrine’ (2020) 9(2) Indian Journal of Arbitration Law 33.

[109] Stavros Brekoulakis, ‘Parties in International Arbitration: Consent v Commercial Reality’ [2015] International Commercial Arbitration.

[110] Hanotiau (n 89).

[111] Ibid.

[112] Bernard Hanotiau and Leonardo Ohlrogge (n 9).

[113] Cheran Properties (n 38) (23).

[1] AUTHOR, 4th B.Com.LL.B.(Hons.), Tamil Nadu Dr. Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law.

[2] CO-AUTHOR, 4th B.Com.LL.B.(Hons.), Tamil Nadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University, School of Excellence in Law.

[3] NCRB Annual Report, 2019 & Prison Record India, 2019.

[4] Crime in India 2019, NCRB

[5] Prison Statistics India 2021, NCRB

[6] Item 4 of List II, The Constitution of India.

[7] The Female Offenders, 1895.

[8] Lombroso Cesare, 1895, The female offender New York

[9] The Etymology of Female Crime: A Review of the Literature, 1973.

[10] WHO, 2009b.

[11] Quaker Council for European Affairs, 2007.

[12] WHO Regional Office for Europe, 2007a.

[13] http://mha1.nic.in/PrisonReforms/pdf/PRVOll_121%20to%20160.pdf as retrieved on 04.09.2017.

[14] Advisory no. 17014/3/2009/-PR dated 17th July 2000 issued by ministry of home affairs.

[15] Advisory no. 17014/3/2009/-PR dated 17th July 2000 issued by ministry of home affairs.

[16] Rama Murthy v. State of Karnataka, AIR 1997 SC 1739.

[1] United Nations. Progress of Goal 3 in 2017 New York (US)2017 [Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg3]

[2] http://www.iris-france.org/63492-que-faut-il-attendre-des-objectifs-du-developpement-durable/

[3] Guégan JF, Suzán G, Kati-Coulibaly S, Bonpamgue DN, Moatti JP. Sustainable development goal #3, or the need for integrative thinking in health. In: Caron P, Châtaigner JM, editors. Sustainable development goals. Marseille (FR): IRD Editions/Quae; 2017. p. 107-20

[4]GBD 2015 SDG Collaborators. Measuring the health-related Sustainable Development Goals in 188 countries: a baseline analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet (London, England). 2016;388(10053):1813-50. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31467-2

[5] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326044527_Sustainable_Development_Goal_3_health_and_well-being_and_the_need_for_more_integrative_thinking

[6] United Nations Statistics Division. SDG Indicators: Official list of SDG indicators. 2016. Available: http://unstats.un.org/sdgs/indicators/indicators-list/.

[7] United Nations Development Group. Mainstreaming the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 2015. Available: https://undg.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Mainstreaming-the-2030-Agenda-UNDG-Interim-Reference-Guide-to-UNCTs-7-October-2015.pdf

[8] Bhattacharya D, Ali MA. The SDGs - What are the “Means of Implementation”? 2014. Available:  http://www.futureun.org/media/archive1/briefings/FUNDS-Briefing21-SDGsMoI.pdf.

[9] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5441444/

[10]https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2448-67602018000200003

[11]https://data.unicef.org/sdgs/goal-3-good-health-wellbeing/  

[12] https://www.undp.org/sites/g/files/zskgke326/files/publications/SDG-3%20Health.pdf

[13]https://unric.org/en/sdg-3/

[14] https://d-nb.info/1218222727/34

[15] https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-95681-7_64

[16] The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2020 (PDF).

[1] Research Scholar for Ph.D., School of Law and Constitutional Studies, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.

[2] Assistant Professor, School of Law and Constitutional Studies, Shobhit Institute of Engineering and Technology, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh.

[3] Asif, Khan. (2015). Child trafficking in India: A staid predicament. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 

[4] Savita, Singh. (2022). Child Trafficking Leading to Child Labor in India. Research hub,  doi: 10.53573/rhimrj.2022.v09i09.001

[5] ibid

[6] https://www.nextias.com/blog/child-trafficking/ (as visited on 25/05/2024)

[7] https://primelegal.in/2023/06/25/child-trafficking-and-laws-in-india/ (as visited 23/05/2024)

[8] Ibrahim, Mohamed, Abdelfattah, Abdelaziz. (2013). Wither Childhood? Child Trafficking in India.  

[9] Latika, Yadav., Shabnam, Ansar. "Factors leading to trafficking of children and women in India.." Asian Journal of Home Science, undefined (2015). doi: 10.15740/HAS/AJHS/10.1/227-231

[10] Suresh, Kumar. (2023). Child Trafficking Continues to Thrive, A Better Coordination Needed to Combat it. Institutionalised children exploration and beyond,  doi: 10.1177/23493003231152674

[11] Jacquelyn, C., A., Meshelemiah., Siddhartha, Sarkar. (2015). A comparative study of child trafficking in India and the United States.  

[12] Jacquelyn, C., A., Meshelemiah., Siddhartha, Sarkar. (2015). A comparative study of child trafficking in India and the United States.  

[13] Bir, Pal, Singh. (2022). Legislative and Reformative Approaches to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children in India. The Social ion,  doi: 10.5958/2456-7523.2022.00010.6

[14] Bir, Pal, Singh. (2022). Legislative and Reformative Approaches to Combat Trafficking of Women and Children in India. The Social ion,  doi: 10.5958/2456-7523.2022.00010.6

[15] Christine, Joffres., Edward, J, Mills., Michel, Joffres., Tinku, Khanna., Harleen, Walia., Darrin, Grund. (2008). Sexual slavery without borders: trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India. International Journal for Equity in Health,  doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-7-22

[16] Bhavya, Sapanji, Jain. (2023). Child Protection in Indian Programme and Legislative Framework: A Critical Analysis. Institutionalised children exploration and beyond,  doi: 10.1177/23493003221150538

[17] Bhavya, Sapanji, Jain. (2023). Child Protection in Indian Programme and Legislative Framework: A Critical Analysis. Institutionalised children exploration and beyond,  doi: 10.1177/23493003221150538

[18]Christine, Joffres., Edward, J, Mills., Michel, Joffres., Tinku, Khanna., Harleen, Walia., Darrin, Grund. (2008). Sexual slavery without borders: trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation in India. International Journal for Equity in Health,  doi: 10.1186/1475-9276-7-22