Search Publications

* Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

** Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

[1] V.V. Devasia, Lellamma Devasia, “Women, Social Justice and Human Rights”, APH Publication Corporation, New Delhi, 2013.

[2] Anjani Kant, “Human Rights: Recent Trend of Judiciary in India”, AIR Journal, 2014.

[3] Tahir Mahmood, Minorities Commission Minor Role in Major affair, 2001, p 2.

[4] A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 6th Ed. 2000, p-306

[5] www.eurac.edu. visited on 11 March 2022.

[6] www. hinduonnet.com

[7] AIR 1958 SC 956.

[8] AIR 1965 Ker. 75 at p-76.

[9] 1971 (Supp) SCR 677

[10] AIR 1992 SC 1630.

[11] (1995) 4 SCC 464.

[12] AIR 2003 SC 355 at p-418

[13] Kailash Rai, “The constitutional Law of India”, Central Law Publication, Allahabad, 2010.

[14] www.eurac.edu

[15] S.M. Mehta, “Indian Constitutional Law”, Deep and Deep Publication, 1990

[16] M.P. Singh, “The Constitution of India”, Delhi Law House, 2001

[17] M.P. Jain, “Indian Constitutional law”, Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur, 2010

[18] Ibid

[19] Narinder Kumar, “Constitutional Law of India”, Pioneer Publications, 2011

[20] P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 SC 3226

[21] Malankara Syrian Catholic College v. T. Jose, AIR 2007 SC 570

[22] D.A.V. College, Jullundur v. State of Punjab, AIR 1971 SC 1737

[23] T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2003 SC 355

[24] AIR 2003 SC 355

[25] The Hindu July 8, 2010

[26] AIR 1965 SC 183: (1964) 6 SCR 750

[27] G.S. Pandey, Constitutional Law of India, University Book House Pvt. Ltd. Jaipur 2009.

[28] Supra note 30

[29] AIR 1971 SC 1737; (1971) 2 SCC 269.

[30] (2004) 6 SCC 264, at p. 279; (2004) 5 SCALE 800

[31] Ibid at page 280. The “three-language formula” adopted for the country under the Report of the Education Commission, 1964-66 appointed by the Government of India.

[32] AIR 1951 SC 226

[33] This led to the insertion of Article 15 (4) of the Constitution (First amendment) Act, 1951.

[34] AIR 1954 SC 561

[35] V.N. Shukla, “Constitution of India”, Eastern Book Company, 2001

[36] (2002) 6 SCC 481

[37] (2008) 6 SCC 1

[38] AIR 1974 SC 1389

[39] Supra note 32, at 1742

[40] Ibid at 1744

[41] AIR 1970 SC 259; (1969) I SCC 964

[42] AIR 2003 SC 355

[43] AIR 1986 SC 1490

[44] AIR 1999 All 356

[45] AIR 2005 SC 3226

[46] P.M. Bakshi, The Constitution of India, universal Law Publishing Cp. Pvt. Ltd. 2001

[47] (1987) 2 SCC 516

[48] AIR 1988 SC 37

[49] AIR 1979 SC 83

* Research Scholar School Of Law, CT University Ludhiana

**Principal School of Law, CT University, Ludhiana

1. Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Derrett, J. Duncan M. "The Development of the Criminal Law of India." Journal of the Indian Law Institute 6, no. 2 (1964): 171-203.       

[4] Ibid.

[5] Indian Penal Code, Chapter IV, Sections 76-106.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Weiner, Myron. "Criminal Law and the Colonial Subject: Macaulay's Criminal Code of 1837." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 4 (1997): 735-774.

[8] Data from District and Sessions Courts of Ludhiana.

[9] Ibid.

[10] Verma, Rajesh. "Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Legal Interpretations: A Study of Self-Defense Claims in Punjab." Punjab Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 45-67.

[11] Comparative legal analysis.

[12] Ibid.

[13] Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[14] Ibid., Sections 96-106.

[15] Baxi, Upendra. "The Indian Penal Code: A Critical Commentary." Indian Law Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 45-78.

[16] State of Punjab v. Gian Kaur, AIR 1974 SC 282.

[17] Ranjit Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1982 SC 1215.

[18] Indian Penal Code, Section 84.

[19] Derrett, J. Duncan M. "The Development of the Criminal Law of India." Journal of the Indian Law Institute 6, no. 2 (1964): 171-203.

[20] Surinder Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1996 SC 311.

[21] Harbans Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 2003 SC 567.

[22] Indian Penal Code, Sections 85-86.

[23] Weiner, Myron. "Criminal Law and the Colonial Subject: Macaulay's Criminal Code of 1837." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 4 (1997): 735-774.

[24] Basudev v. State of Pepsu, AIR 1956 SC 488.

[25] Director of Public Prosecutions v. Beard, [1920] AC 479.

[26] Indian Penal Code, Sections 76-79.

[27] Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1956 SC 127.

[28] Ibid.

[29] R v. Tolson, [1889] 23 QBD 168.

[30] Indian Penal Code, Section 81.

[31] Roy, Rajendra. "Necessity in Criminal Law: A Critical Analysis." Delhi Law Review 4, no. 2 (2015): 89-112.

[32] R v. Dudley and Stephens, [1884] 14 QBD 273.

[33] F v. State of West Bengal, AIR 2007 Cal 111.

[34] Indian Penal Code, Section 94.

[35] Verma, Rajesh. "Duress and Criminal Liability: A Study of Indian and Comparative Law." Punjab Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 45-67.

[36] R v. Hasan, [2005] UKHL 22.

[37] State of Gujarat v. Vora Fiddali, AIR 1964 Guj 155.

[38] Indian Penal Code, Sections 82-83.

[39] Hiralal Mallick v. State of Bihar, AIR 1977 SC 223.

[40] Ibid.

[41] Rahul v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 Bom 133.

[42] Indian Penal Code, Sections 87-91.

[43] Comparative legal analysis.

[44] R v. Clarence, [1888] 22 QBD 23.

[45] Jasbir Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1990 SC 105.

[46] Data from National Crime Records Bureau.

[47] Ibid.

[48] Ibid.

[1] Dipak Kurmi, India's Electoral Funding: Challenges, Transparency and Reforms, The Sentinel, Feb. 21, 2024, https://www.sentinelassam.com/more-news/editorial/indias-electoral-funding-challenges-transparency-and-reforms.

[2] P. Mittal & V. Agarwal, Electoral Bonds: Efficacious Or A Camouflaged Road To Tyranny, 6 Indian Pol. & L. Rev. 20-54 (2021).

[3] A. Kashyap & G.S. Gill, Electoral Bond Scheme: The Legitimate Opacity in Political Funding, 1 Law Essentials J. 79 (2020).

[1] Justice Narasimham Committee on banking sector reforms report submitted in April 1998

[2] Kumara Raj. A (1990) Social obligation of Commercial Banks, Ph.D Thesis, Annamalai University, India, p. 63

[3] Dr. Roland Benedikter, Social Banking and Social Finance Answers to the Economic Crisis (2011)

[4] Deepak Pant Joshi, Social Banking – Promise, Performance and Potential, Foundation Books (2012)

[5] Desai. S.S.M., Rural Banking in India, Bombay: Himalaya Publishing House (1979)

[6] Arundati Bhattacharya, The Journal of Indian Institute of Banking and Finance, July- September (2015)

[7] Partha Sarathi Senapati, Financial Inclusion through Social Banking in India, Volume 6, International Journal of Engineering and Management Research, 317-321 (2016)