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[1] International Committee of the Red Cross, Customary International Humanitarian Law (2005), Rule 156, p. 108.

[2] First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, 22 August 1864, 75 UNTS 31 (entered into force 21 October 1950).

[3] Hague Convention Respecting the Laws and Customs of War on Land of 29 July 1899, 32 Stat. 1803 (entered into force 4 September 1900).

[4] Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I) (adopted 8 June 1977, entered into force 7 December 1978) 1125

UNTS 3.

[5] Dunant H, 'A Memory of Solferino' (International Committee of the Red Cross 1862).

[1]Aiyer,P.Ramnathan, Law Lexicon 1134 (2nd ed.,Wadhwa and Co., 2002)

[2]DEEPAK JAIN, Interpretation of Statutes: A Treatise, available at

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[3]Justice G.P SINGH, PRINCIPLES OF STATUTORY INTERPRETATION 53(11 ed Wadhwa Nagpur 2008).

[4]Supra note. 2

[5] Gray Nature and Sources of Law, 176 (2nd edn.).

[6] Crawford v Spooner, (1846) 4 Moo Ind App 179, p 181.

[7]SeventilalManeklal Seth v. Commissioner of Income Tax (Central) Bombay. (1968) 2 SCJ 129

[8]Deepak Jain, ‘Interpretation of Statutes: A Treatise’, www.itatonline.org/articles_new/index.php/interpretation-of-statutes-a-treatise.

[9] 20 L. J. C. P (N. S) 233 [1851]

[10] Crawford v. Spooner, (1846) 4 MIA 179

[11] Oriental Insurance Ltd Co. v. Sardar Sadhu Singh, AIR 1994 Raj 44

[12] Paulus, Roman Jurist

[13] Arul Nadar v. Authorised Officer, Land Reforms (1998) 7 SCC 157

[14] 1958)1LLJ500S.C

[15] AIR1958SC532.

[16] TEWARI,supranote24

[17]UjjambaivStateofUttarPradesh.AIR1962SC1621

[18]  TRIPATHI,supranote40,at127

[19] (1954)1AllER201.

[20] Smt.TarulataShyamvs.CIT[1971]108ITR345(SC).

[21] A.I.R1952S.C362

[22] CommissionerofIncomeTax,CentralCalcuttav.NationalTajTraders,A.I.R1980S.C481

[23] TRIPATHI,supranote40,at296

[24]Coluhounv.Brooks(1886)21Q.B.D52

[25] P.ST. LANGANJ., MAXWELLINTERPRETATIONOFSTATUTES306(12thed,LexisButterworths).

[26] A.I.R 1958 SC 907

[27] SINGH supra note 3

[28]A.I.R 1958 SC 107

[29]Alekhya Reddy, Literally Interpreting The Law- A Appraisal Of The Literal Rule Of Interpretation In India, Manupatra. (https://www.manupatra.com/roundup/338/Articles/Literally%20interpreting%20the%20Law.pdf)

[30]Alekhya Reddy, Literally Interpreting The Law- A Appraisal Of The Literal Rule Of Interpretation In India, Manupatra. (https://www.manupatra.com/roundup/338/Articles/Literally%20interpreting%20the%20Law.pdf)

[1] Constitution of India, 1950

[2] Constitution of India, 1950

[3] K. Madhavan Pillai, Labour and Industrial Laws 267 (Allahabad Law Agency Haryana, 9 edn,.2003)

[4] V.P. Singh, Industrial Law in India 79 (Asia Publishing House New Delhi, 2 edi., 1963).

[5] International Labour Organization. Declaration of Philadelphia. International Labour Organization, 1944. https://www.ilo.org/declaration/lang--en/index.htm.

[6] International Labour Organization. Income Security Recommendation, 1944 (No. 67). International Labour Organization, 1944. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R067.

[7] United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations, 1948. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.

[8] United Nations General Assembly. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. United Nations, 1966. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx.

[9] International Labour Organization. Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102). International Labour Organization, 1952. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C102.

[10] 1843, 6 & 7 Vict. c. 76

[11] The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, Act No. 19 of 1952.

[12] Act no. 19 of 1952.

[13] Section 1 (3) (a)

[14] Section 1 (3) (b)

[15] Section 1 (4)

[16] Id., Section 1 (4)

[17] Id., Section 1 (3) (a)

[18] Section 2(f) of The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act

[19] Section 2 (f)

[20] AIR 1955 Mad 387

[21] AIR 1965 AP 200

[22] (1986) S.C.O. (L & S) 155.

[23] Section 2A of EPF Act

[24] Section 26(6) of EPF Act

[25] Section 5 (1)

[26] Section 6 A (1)

[27] Section 6 C (1)

[28] Section 5(1-A), Section 6A(3) and Section  6C(5)

[29] 1990 SCC (L&S) 1

[30] No. SRO 331 dated Jan. 15.1958 and no GSR 1467 dated Dec. 2, 1960.

[31] AIR 1962 SC 1402

[32] Retiral that employer and employee both contribute in line with the Employee's Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

[33] 1960 SCR (3) 488

[34] 1963 SCR (3) 995

[35] 1963 SCR (3) 978

[36] (SC) (1998) 8 SCC 90

[37] [1998]1 SCR4

[38] ILR 2004 KAR 80

[39] (2009) 10 SCC 123

[40] (2014) 4 SCC 37

[41] Bank of India v. Provident Fund Commissioner 2005 SCC OnLine Ker 658 : (2006) 2 KLJ 135.

[42] Section 69 of EPF Act

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[2] Jonathan D Putnam & Industry Canada, Intellectual Property and Innovation in the Knowledge-Based Economy.

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[4] Laury Bollen, Philip Vergauwen & Stephanie Schnieders, Linking Intellectual Capital and Intellectual Property to Company Performance, 43 Manag. Decis. 1161 (2005), https://doi.org/10.1108/00251740510626254 (last visited Apr 2, 2024).

[5] What Is Intellectual Property Management? Why It Matters, G2, https://www.g2.com/articles/intellectual-property-management (last visited Apr 2, 2024).

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[9] IP considerations when hiring, INNOVATE LLP, https://www.innovatellp.com/ip-and-hiring-employees (last visited Apr 4, 2024).

[10] Halbast Hussein Hamadamin & Tarik Atan, The Impact of Strategic Human Resource Management Practices on Competitive Advantage Sustainability: The Mediation of Human Capital Development and Employee Commitment, 11 Sustainability 5782 (2019), https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/11/20/5782 (last visited Apr 4, 2024).

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[15] Code of Business Conduct | Integrity | Honesty | Fairness,

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[16] VerifyNow, Protecting Intellectual Property with Employment Screening in Science and Technology, Accurate Australia (2023), https://www.accurate.com/au/blog/protecting-intellectual-property/ (last visited Apr 10, 2024).

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[19] Id.

[20] Id.

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[32] The WIPO Academy Portfolio – Education, Training and Skills Development Programs 2024.

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[39] Blockchain Technology: Impact on Intellectual Property,

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[1] Sec.4(b) of competition act,2002(12 of 2003).

[2] Predatory pricing by William Barnett II, Michael saliba, Walter block,https://www.researchgate.net.. last visited on jul,10,2024  at 11.31 am.

[3] Sec.4 explanation 1 of competition act,2002(12 of 2003).

[4] "Predatory Pricing: A Survey of the Literature" by Patrick DeGraba (Journal of Economic Surveys, 1999).

[5] "Predatory Pricing and the Limits of Antitrust" by Herbert Hovenkamp (University of Pennsylvania Law Review, 2003).

[6] 15.U.S.C § 2.

[7] Aspen skiing co. v. aspen highlands skiing corp.,472 U.S.585,605 n.32(1985).

[8] 221,U.S.1,78(1911).

[9] 221,U.S. 106(1911).

[10] 509 U.S. at 224.

[11] 641 sc 2017.

[1] Mokal, R. J. (2001). "The Value of Rescue: A Critical Analysis of the London Approach to the Resolution of Financial Distress." Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 1(1), 136-178.

[2] Altman, E. I., & Hotchkiss, E. (2005). Corporate Financial Distress and Bankruptcy: Predict and Avoid Bankruptcy, Analyze and Invest in Distressed Debt. John Wiley & Sons.

[3] Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. (1981). "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information." American Economic Review, 71(3), 393-410.

[4] Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (2002). "Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure." Economic Journal, 112(477), F32-F53.

[5] See The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985; The Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993; The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act, 2002; Companies Act, 2013

[6] World Bank. (2019). "Doing Business 2020: Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies." World Bank Group.

[7] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI). (2016). "Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016: A Reform to Promote Resolution, Maximize Value of Assets, and Balance Interests of All Stakeholders."

[8] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Preamble

[9] Goode, R. M. (2011). Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law (4th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.

[10] Fletcher, I. F. (2009). The Law of Insolvency (4th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.

[11] Belmont Park Investments Pty. Ltd. v. BNY Corporate Trustee Services Ltd & Anr., 38 UKSC [2011]

[12] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 49

[13] Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee, Interim Report of the Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee (Feb. 2015) 98-99

[14] Armour, J., Hsu, A., & Walters, A. (2006). The Creditors' Bargain and Option-Preservation in Restructuring Law. European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR), 7(1), 1-34.

[15] Jackson, T. (2012). Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law. Oxford University Press.

[16] United States Bankruptcy Code, 1978

[17] Baird, D. G., & Rasmussen, R. K. (2002). The End of Bankruptcy. Yale Law Journal, 111(3), 357-384.

[18] Skeel, D. A. (2014). Debt's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America. Princeton University Press.

[19] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 11

[20] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 29A

[21] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 50

[22] Kenneth Kettering, "Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law" (Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 145.

[23] Jason Harris, "Australian Insolvency Law: Cases and Materials" (Cambridge University Press, 2020), p. 212.

[24] Paul Omar, "Principles of Insolvency Law" (Oxford University Press, 2020), p. 212.

[25] See Supra note 5

[26] Rebecca Parry, ‘Extortionate Credit Transactions (Insolvency Act 1986, Sections 244 and 343),’ in Transaction Avoidance in Insolvencies (Rebecca Parry et al. eds., 3rd ed. 2018) 197

[27] LIC of India v. Consumer Education and Research Centre, (1995) 5 SCC 482, Pg. 32, 37

[28] Anson’s Law of Contracts (J. Beatson et. al eds., 30th ed. 2016) 4

[29] G.H.L Fridman, ‘Freedom of Contract’ 2 Ottawa L. Rev. 1 (1967)

[30] Lord Denning, The Due Process of Law (London: Butterworths, 1980), p. 112.

[31] Robert E. Scott and Alan Schwartz, Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law (Harvard University Press, 2008), p. 142.

[32] William A. Klein, John C. Coffee Jr., and Frank Partnoy, Business Organization and Finance: Legal and Economic Principles (Foundation Press, 2018), p. 455.

[33] Report of Review Committee, Insolvency Law and Practice (Cmnd 8558, June 1982, United Kingdom), Pg 1481 – 1484

[34] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 50

[35] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Rules, 2016, Regulation 11

[36] Ashish Makhija, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code of India (2018) 992.

[37] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 51

[38] Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Limited and Another v. Brojo Nath Ganguly and Another etc. (1986) 3 SCC 156.

[39] Mary vs State Of Kerala & Ors 2014 (14) SCC 272

[40] P Saraswathi Ammal v. Lakshmi Ammal, AIR 1978 Mad 361

[41] Ladli Prasad Jaiswal v. Karnal Distillery Co. Ltd., 1964 1 SCR 270

[42] S.K. Jain v. State of Haryana, (2009) 4 SCC 357

[43] Law Commission of India, Report No. 103, Unfair Terms in Contract (July 28th, 1984), Pg. 2.6

[44] Reserve Bank of India, Guidelines on Fair Practices Code for Lenders (May 5, 2003)