[1]International Maritime Organization (IMO), Marine Environment, Para No.2,

https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/Default.aspx, Last visited on January 9,2023.

[2] International Maritime Organization (IMO), Marine Environment, MARPOL Annex I – Prevention of Pollution

by Oil- IMO, Para No.1, https://www.imo.org/en/OurWork/Environment/Pages/OilPollution-Default.aspx, Last

visited on January 9,2023

[3] Section 352H (c), Merchant Shipping Act, 1958

[4] Article 1, Section 5, Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage,1969

[5] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), FAQ- Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway,

   http://oils.gpa.unep.org/facts/faqs.htm, Last visited on February 09,2023

[6] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Accidental Discharges - Global Marine Oil Pollution

   Information Gateway, http://oils.gpa.unep.org/facts/oilspills.htm, Last visited on March 19,2023

[7] Supra note 6

[8] United Nations Development Programme Reports (UNDP), Para No. 45 (August 4, 2011)

[9] PAUL HAMMEL, Massive pipeline spill caused by crack created during installation, third-party review  

   concludes, Kansas Reflector (April 21,2023)

[10]The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), Oil Tanker Spill Statistics 2021, Page

   No. 4 (January 1, 2022)

[11] National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Oil and Chemical Spills - How NOAA responds

    to oil spills, https://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/oil-spills/how-noaa-responds-oil-

    spills.html, Last visited on March 09,2023

[12] ROSER, MAX, HANNAH RITCHIE, Oil Spills, Our World in Data

    (August,2022), https://ourworldindata.org/oil-spills, Last visited on February 03,2023

[13] The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), Oil Tanker Spill Statistics 2022,

     Page No. 4 (January 1, 2023)

[14]CORRESPONDENT -SPECIAL, Report Pegs Ennore Oil Spill at 251 Tonnes, The Hindu (November 9, 2017)

[15] RESHMA JATHAR, Mumbai Oil Spill: threat to marine life, coast, Down To Earth, (August 27, 2010)

[16]The Indian Coast Guard, The 15th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP) and Preparedness      

   Meeting’s details, pg. 21(August, 2015)

[17] The Indian Coast Guard, Marine Environment Protection, Para no.1(June 20, 2023)

[18] The Indian Coast Guard, Marine Environment Protection, Para no.1(June 20, 2023)

[19] The International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF), INDIA- A summary of Oil Spill

Response Arrangements & Resources Worldwide, Page No. 4 (January 27, 2019)

[20] The Indian Coast Guard, The 24th National Oil Spill Disaster Contingency Plan (NOS-DCP) and    

Preparedness Meeting’s details, pg. 21(November 30, 2015)

[21] SINHA, PRABHAS C., Law of the sea: India’s policy options, Journal of the Indian Law Institute, Vol. 33, Issue No. 4 (October 1991)

[22] Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v Union of India, 1996 SCC (3) 212

[23] OECD, ‘Recommendation of the Council on Guiding Principles concerning International Economic

Aspects of Environmental Policies’ C (72) 128

[24] OECD, The Polluter Pays Principle: Definition Analysis Implementation (OECD 1975) 15

[25] Section 345H, Merchant Shipping Act, 1958

[26] Ibid, Section 345 (1) (a)

[27] Ibid, Section 352 I (2) (b)

[28] Ibid, Section 352 H (a)

[29] World Tanker Corporation v. SNP Shipping Services Pvt. Ltd., AIR 1998 SC 2330

[30] Supra note 22, Section 352 J (2)

[31] Ibid, Section 352 K (1) (a)

[32] Ibid, Section 352 K (1) (b)

[33] Ibid, Section 352 K (2) (a).

[34] Ibid, Section 352 K (2) (b).

[35] Ibid, Section 352 N (1).

[36] International Convention on Civil for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992

[37] International Convention on the establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution    Damage, 1971.

[38] Supra note 22, Section 352W

[39] Article X & XII, International Convention on the establishment of an International Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage, 1971.

[40]Supra note 22, Section 352WY

[41] Ibid, Section 352I

[42] Ibid, Section 352K

[43] Ibid, Section 352J

[44] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), What Happens to Oil in Sea Water? -Global Marine Oil Pollution Information Gateway,

http://oils.gpa.unep.org/facts/fate.htm#:~:text=Oxidation%3A%20Oils%20react%20chemically%20with,it%20is%20exposed%20to%20sunlight , Last visited on March 11,2023

[45] PTI, Oil from Bombay high cause for tar balls on Gujarat Coast: NIO, The Hindu (December 04, 2018)

[46] Supra note 34, Article VII

[47] Ibid, Article IX

[48] Ibid, Article X

[49] Ibid, Article VIII

[50] The Cause Assuranceforeningen Skuld v. The International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund and Others (Outer House, Court of Session, Edinburgh) 1999 S.L.T 1405

[51] Section 356B (i), Merchant Shipping Act, 1958

[52]KEVIN LEE, What effects does oil drilling have on the ocean? Sciencing by Leaf group (March 10, 2018)

[53] Annexure 5, The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships,1973

[54] Section 356J, Merchant Shipping Act, 1958

[55] Section 356K, Merchant Shipping Act, 1958

[56]PETER MWAI, Mauritius oil spill: Are major incidents less frequent, BBC News (August 14, 2020)

[57]Section 352, Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.

[1] Department of Justice, ‘Judicial Infrastructure’, available at https://doj.gov.in/judicial-infrastructure/

[2] Press Information Bureau Government of India, Ministry of Law and Justice, ‘Judicial Infrastructure’ available at https://pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=1843360

[3] NIKHIL MAJITHIA, “What’s stopping India’s judicial infrastructure upgrade? The absence of Centre-state unity’ The Print, December 21, 2022, available at https://theprint.in/opinion/whats-stopping-indias-judicial-infrastructure-upgrade-the-absence-of-centre-state-unity/1273712/

[4] Press Trust of India, ‘Making efforts to fill up vacancies, improve judicial infrastructure: CJI’ Business Standard, April 15, 2022, available at  https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/making-efforts-to-fill-up-vacancies-improve-judicial-infrastructure-cji-122041500623_1.html

[5] “Judicial infrastructure key for improving access to justice, says CJI” The Hindu, October 23, 2021 available at https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/cji-ramana-rues-ad-hoc-unplanned-improvement-and-maintenance-of-judicial-infrastructure/article37136774.ece

[6] Reshma Sekhar, Shreya Tripathy ‘National Judicial Infrastructure Corporation (NJIC) Continues to Remain a Pipe Dream’ Vidhi , July 30, 2022 available at  https://vidhilegalpolicy.in/blog/national-judicial-infrastructure-corporation-njic-continues-to-remain-a-pipe-dream/

[7] ‘Time to move on from ad-hoc committees and create National Judicial Infrastructure Authority: CJI’ The Times of India April 30, 2022, available at https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/time-to-move-on-from-ad-hoc-committees-and-create-national-judicial-infrastructure-authority-cji/articleshow/91205508.cms

[8] ‘Efforts on to fill up vacancies, improve judicial infrastructure: CJI Ramana’ Mint, April 16, 2022 available at https://www.livemint.com/news/india/efforts-on-to-fill-up-vacancies-improve-judicial-infrastructure-cji-ramana-11650070272922.html

[9] Ibid.

[10] Padmakshi Sharma, ‘Supreme Court Agrees To Take Up Plea To Improve Judicial Infrastructure Of Trial Courts’ Live Law October 10, 2022,available at https://www.livelaw.in/top-stories/supreme-court-agrees-to-take-up-plea-to-improve-judicial-infrastructure-of-trial-courts-211278

[11] Kanu Sarda, ‘Only 8 states agree on CJI's proposal on judicial infrastructure, others yet to respond’ India Today, April 30, 2022, available at https://www.indiatoday.in/law/story/chief-justice-ramana-proposal-judicial-infrastructure-commission-supreme-court-states-respond-1943836-2022-04-30

[12] Niranjan Sahoo and Jibran A Khan, ‘Improving India’s justice delivery system: Why infrastructure matters’ Hindustan Times, Nov 29, 2022, available at https://www.hindustantimes.com/ht-insight/economy/improving-india-s-justice-delivery-system-why-infrastructure-matters-101669711351794.html

[13] Supra note 9.

[14] ‘Assam to get Rs 300 cr from Centre for improving state's judicial infrastructure: CM Sarma’ Ani, Oct 17, 2022 available at https://www.aninews.in/news/national/general-news/assam-to-get-rs-300-cr-as-from-centre-for-improving-states-judicial-infrastructure-cm-sarma20220911113536/

[15] Supra note 11.

[16] Supra note 6.

[17] Supra note 11

[18] ‘Judiciary Seeks $1.54 Billion for Infrastructure’ United States Courts, July 20, 2021, available at https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2021/07/20/judiciary-seeks-154-billion-infrastructure

[19] Niranjan Sahoo Jibran Khan, ‘Judicial infrastructure: Will National Judicial Infrastructure Corporation help?’, Observer Research Foundation, Dec 22, 2021, available at https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/judicial-infrastructure/

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[2] 1922

[3] 1922

[4] Income Tax Act, 1922

[5] Income Tax Act, 1922

[6] Income Tax Act, 1922

[7] (1970) 77ITR

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[5] The Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights, 2001

[6] Section 2(ja) of The Patents Act, 1970

[7] Section 2(o) of The Copyright Act, 1957 8 Section 2(c) of The Copyright Act, 1957

[8] Section 2(p) of The Copyright Act, 1957

[9] Section 2(h) of The Copyright Act, 1957

[10] The Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA15)

[11] [2015] EWHC 1413 (IPEC)

[12] [2017] EWHC 3053 (Ch)

[13] 2019/790

[14] The Copyright law of Japan, 1970, art. 2(1)(i)

[15] Tokyo District Court, Case No. 2019 (wa) 2517 21 Tokyo District Court, Case No. 2017 (ne) 167

[16] Tokyo District Court, Case No. 2018 (wa) 3365

[17] No. 19-CV-11167-LTS, 2021 WL 346774 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 2, 2021)

[18] https://forms.gle/ACB7GvYedFP5RQrg8

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[2] Lucian Arye Bebchuk & Marcel Kahan, The “Lemons Effect” in Corporate Freeze-outs, NBER Working Paper 6938 (1999) 2,  <http://ssrn.com/abstract=226397> accessed on 15th July 2023.

[3] Richard A. Booth, Management Buyouts, Shareholder Welfare, and the Limits of  Fiduciary Duty, 60 N.Y.U. L. REV. 630 (1985);

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[6] Y Amihud, M Kahan and RK Sundaram, ‘The foundation of freeze-out laws in takeovers’ [2004] The Journal of Finance 1325.

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[8] Utkarsh Mani Tripathi, ‘Evaluating Freezeout Mergers and Burden of Proof in Indian Corporate Law’, <https://www.irccl.in/post/winning-entry-evaluating-freezeout-mergers-and-burden-of-proof-in-indian-corporate-law> accessed on 11th August 2023.

[9] AIG (Mauritius) LLC v. Tata Televentures (Holdings) Limited, 2003 IIAD Delhi 672, 103 (2003) DLT 250.

[10] Hindustan Lever Employees' Union v. Hindustan Lever Ltd, (1999) IILLJ 804 Bom.

[11] Ninad Shah, ‘"FREEZE OUT": TAKEOVER AND ACQUISITION OF MINORITY INTEREST’,< https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/freeze-out-takeover-acquisition-minority-interest-ninad-shah> accessed on 11th July 2023.

[12] Rho, Hyeok-Joon, New Squeeze out Devices as a Part of Corporate Law Reform in Korea: What Type of Device is Required for a Developing Economy?. Boston University International Law Journal, Vol. 29, p. 41, 2011. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2217488. Page 44.

[13] Croci, Ettore and Ehrhardt, Olaf and Nowak, Eric, ‘The Corporate Governance Endgame – An Economic Analysis of Minority Squeeze-Out Regulation in Germany’ <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2080745, 2013> accessed on 14th July 2023.

[14] Subramanian, Guhan . «Post-Siliconix Freeze-Outs: Theory & Evidence.» The Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series. Discussion Paper No. 472 (2004) <http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=530284> accessed on 14th July 2023.

[15] Cumming, Matthew ‘Take-over Bid vs Plan of Arrangement: Top 10 Considerations’, Canadian M&A Perspectives. McCarthy Tetrault. (2011) <http://www.canadianmergersacquisitions.com/2011/12/14/take-over-bid-vs-plan-of-arrangementtop-10-considerations/> accessed on 14th July 2023.

[16] Coates, IV, John C, ‘Mergers, Acquisitions and Restructuring: Types, Regulation, and Patterns of Practice’, Forthcoming in Oxford Handbook on Corporate Law and Governance.» The Harvard John M. Olin Discussion Paper Series. Discussion Paper No. 781. (2014) <http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/olin_center/papers/pdf/Coates_781.pdf> accessed on 14th July 2023.

[17] Khanna, Vikramaditya S Varottil, Umakanth,  ‘Regulating Squeeze Outs in India: A Comparative Perspective’, American Journal of Comparative Law, Forthcoming; NUS Law Working Paper No. 2014/009 (2014) <http://law.nus.edu.sg/wps/pdfs/009_2014_Umakanth%20Varottil.pdf> accessed on 16th July 2023.

[18] ALLEN, KRAAKMAN & SUBRAMANIAN, supra note 11, at 497 – 98; Subramanian, supra note 16, at 8 – 11.

[19] Guhan Subramanian, ‘Fixing Freezeouts’, 115 YALE L.J. 2, 30 – 48 (2005).

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