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[1] Andrea Freeman, ‘Fast Food: Oppression Through Poor Nutrition.’ (2007) 95 California Law Review.

[2] Tim Gardam, The Broken Plate 2021 (Food Foundation CIO 2021).

[3] Ashkan Afshin and Mayuree Rao, ‘Do Healthier Foods and Diet Patterns Cost More Than Less Healthy Options? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’ (2013) 3 BMJ Journal.

[4] Marge Dwyer, ‘Eating Healthy Vs. Unhealthy Diet Costs About $1.50 More Per Day’ (News, 2013)

[5] ‘Why Does Eating Healthier Cost More?’ (Medium, 2018)

[6] Min Li and Yingli Fan, ‘Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-Analysis Of Prospective Cohort Studies’ (2014) 4 BMJ Journal.

[7] Vox, ‘Why eating healthy is so expensive in America’, YouTube (Mar. 22, 2018), https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HOE5QDDKDlY.

[8] Siegel KR, McKeever Bullard K and Imperatore G, ‘Association of Higher Consumption of Foods Derived from Subsidized Commodities With Adverse Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Adults.’ (2016) 176 JAMA Intern Med.

[9] Ibid.

[10] ‘The Commission | CFTC’ (Cftc.gov, 2022)

[11] Aubrey A, ‘Does Subsidizing Crops We're Told to Eat Less of Fatten Us Up?’

[12] ‘Food Pricing, Taxes, And Agricultural Policy’ (Obesity Prevention Source, 2022)

[13] Blakely T and others, ‘The Effect of Food Taxes and Subsidies on Population Health and Health Costs: A Modelling Study’ (2020) 5 The Lancet Public Health

[14] O’Connor A, ‘How the Government Supports Your Junk Food Habit’ (Well, 2016)

[15] Ehrenberg R, ‘Finding the Fat: The US Farm Bill and Health’ (Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews, 2018)

[16] Carmen G. Gonzalez, The Global Food System, Environmental Protection, And Human Rights (7th ed., NAT RESOURCES & ENV'T 2012).

[17] THE UN GUIDING PRINCIPLES ON BUSINESS AND HUMAN RIGHTS AN INTRODUCTION (United Nations 2011).

[1] Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956, No. 32, Acts of Parliament, 1992 (India)

[2] Mother's name sufficient for passport: HC (2016) The Indian Express. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/mothers-name-sufficient-for-passport-hc-2812494/ (Accessed: April 18, 2023).

[3] Sanand S, “Name of Fathers Need Not Be Disclosed in Birth Certificate” (The Financial Express July 17, 2018) accessed April 18, 2023

[4] X v. State of Kerala WP(C) NO. 13622 of 2021

[5] K. S Puttaswamy And Anr. Vs. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC

[6] Law commission, Reforms in Guardianship and custody laws in India (Law com report no. 275, 2015) para 6.35

[7] Sakshi Bhattacharya v UOI W.P.(C) No. 001290 - / 2019

[8] Pratap G, “Muslim Personal Law/ Shariat Can't Be Tested on Anvil of Article 14 Due to Binding Supreme Court Precedents: Kerala High Court” (Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news) accessed April 19, 2023

[9] C Abdul Aziz & Ors. V Chembukandy Safiya & Ors RFA No.40/2012

[10] TNN / Updated: Jul 7 2022, “No Bar in Quran, Hadith on Muslim Woman's Right to Be Child's Guardian: HC: Kochi News - Times of India” (The Times of India) accessed April 19, 2023

[11] Atul Verma, Right of Mother on the Custody and Guardianship of Legitimate & Illegitimate child under Muslim Law (2022), JETIR <https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR2206215.pdf> accessed 19 April 2023

[12] D. F. Mulla, Principles of Mahomedan Law (Gurgaon: LexisNexis, 2013, 20th ed.),

[13] Vandana Shiva v. Jayanta Bandopadhyay AIR 1999 SC 1149

[14] Githa Hariharan v. Reserve Bank of India AIR 1999 SC 1149

[15] Agnes, Family Law (Oxford University Press 2011)

[16] Special Leave Petition (Civil) No. 28367/2011, The Supreme Court of India, judgment dated

6 July 2015, para. 3.

[18] Clarification issued by Office of Registrar General of India vide letter no. 1/37/2004 VS CRS

dated 23-02-2009

[19] Shayara Bano v. The Union of India AIR 2017 9 SCC 1 (SC)

[20] “Passport Relief for Single Parents, Orphans, Divorcees and Sadhus” (The Wire) accessed April 19, 2023

[21] Jussa v. Jussa (1972) 2 All ER 600 

[22] Service TN, “Punjab and Haryana High Court Suggests 'Shared Parenting' for Estranged Couples” (Tribuneindia News Service) accessed April 19, 2023

[23] Mr. Tushar Vishnu Ubale vs Mrs. Archana Tushar Ubale wp.5403.2015(R)

[1]  https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights  Accessed on 28/09/2023 IST 3:21 PM

[2]https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights Accessed on 27/09/23 IST 4:00 PM

[3]https://www.ohchr.org/en/instruments-mechanisms/instruments/international-covenant-economic-social-and-cultural-rights Accessed on 29/09/23 IST 11:00 AM

[4] Subhash Kumar v. State of Bihar, AIR 1991 SCR (1) 5

[5] Protection of Interest of Minorities, https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1888152/ Accessed on 25/09/23 IST 14:30 PM

[6] Rights of Minorities to establish and administer educational institutions, https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1983234/ Accessed on 25/09/23 IST 15:13 PM 

[1] The Civil Procedure Code, 1908, § 89, No. 5, Acts of Parliament, 1908 (India)

[2] Chakrapani Misra and Varshini Sunder, Mediation Bill, 2023, Khaitan & Co LLP, Mondaq, Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/india/arbitration--dispute-resolution/1357380/mediation-bill-2023?login=true&debug-domain=.mondaq.com (last visited: 11 September 2023)

[3] Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of India (AIR 2005 (SC) 3353)

[1] Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

[2] 2023 6SCC 649

[3] (iiiab) any university or other educational institution existing solely for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit, and which is wholly or substantially financed by the Government

[4] (iiiad) any university or other educational institution existing solely for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit if the aggregate annual receipts of the person from such university or universities or educational institution or educational institutions do not exceed five crore rupees; or

[5] M/s New Noble Educational Society v The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, (2011) 334 ITR 303

[6] (2011) 334 ITR 303

[7] [1993] 201 ITR 939 (Guj)

[8] Supra Note 5 Para 8.

[9] CIT v. Gurukul Ghatkeswar Trust, (2011) 332 ITR 611 (AP); CIT v. Maharaja Sawai Mansinghji Museum Trust, [1988] 169 ITR 379 (Raj)

[10] Supra Note 5 Para 23 Quoting Para 23.

[11] New Noble Educational Society v. The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax 2023 6SCC 649 Para 32.

[12] Ibid Para 34.

[13] Supra Note 11 para 34

[14] Ibid Para 35.

[15] Supra Note 11 Para 37.

[16] (1976) 1 SCC 324.

[17] Supra Note 11 Para 38.

[18] Additional Commissioner of Income Tax v. Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers’ Association, (1980)2 SCC 31.

[19] Ibid.

[20] Supra Note 11 Para 39.

[21] (1997) 3 SCC 346

[22] Supra Note 11 Para 40.

[23] [2001] 247 ITR 658 (SC)

[24] Ibid Para 42

[25] (2008) 10 SCC 509

[26] Oxford University Press, Supra Note 23

[27] Aditanar, Supra Note 21

[28] (2015) 8 SCC 47.

[29] Supra Note 28 Para 11

[30] Aditanar Educational Institution v. Additional Commissioner of Income Tax (1997) 3 SCC 346.

[31] Ibid.

[32] This condition was propounded in Oxford University Press v. CIT [2001] 247 ITR 658 (SC) where the applicant was a publisher, part of the Oxford University established in the U.K. The assessee did not engage in imparting education, but only in publishing books, periodicals, etc. for profit. Therefore, the court by its majority opinion held that the mere fact that it was part of a university (incorporated or set up abroad) did not entitle it to claim exemption on the ground that it was imparting education in India.

[33]American Hotel and Lodging Association v Central Board of Direct Taxes (2008) 10 SCC 509. It was also held that the stage of examining whether and to what extent profits were generated and how they were utilised was not essential at the time of grant of approval, but rather formed part of the monitoring mechanism.

[34] Queen’s Education Society v. Commissioner of Income Tax (2015) 8 SCC 47.

[35] Supra Note 11 Para 48.

[36] Supra Note 33

[37] Supra Note 34

[38] Supra Note 11 Para 60.

[39] Supra Note 11 Para 63.

[40] Ibid Para 69.

[41] Ibid Para 70.

[42] New Noble Educational Society v. The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax 2023 6SCC 649 Para 76.

[1] (Lata Singh v. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 475)

[2]

[3] (Indra Sarma v. V.K.V. Sarma, (2013) 15 SCC 755 )

[4] Islam, J. u. (n.d.). Live-In Relationships Indian And Internationaln Perspective.

[5] Antony, C. M. (n.d.).