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[1] (1978) 1 SCC 248

[2] (1973) 4 SCC 225

[3] (2017) 10 SCC 1

[4]  (1973) 4 SCC 225

[5] (2018) 1 SCC 791

[6] AIR 1987 SC 1086

[7] (2017) 10 SCC 1

[8] AIR 1976 SC 490

[9] AIR 1980 SC 1789

[10] AIR 1993 SC 477

[11] AIR 2005 SC 3226

[1]Black’s Law Dictionary, 11th Edition (2019), p. 1284.

[2]Honoré, A.M. (1961), p. 493.

[3]Merrill, T.W., & Smith, H.E. (2001), p. 361.

[4] Smith, R.E. (2000), p. 449.

[5]Ellickson, R.C. (1998), p. 349.

[1] https://thelawbrigade.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Surbhi-Garg.pdf

[2] https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2106265.pdf

[1] https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Society.pdf

[2] https://www.imsuc.ac.in/images/pdf/MediaDiscourseandIndianSociety.pdf

[3] https://www.imsuc.ac.in/images/pdf/MediaDiscourseandIndianSociety.pdf

[4] https://entri.app/blog/social-media-and-its-impact-on-society-upsc-notes/

[5] https://communicationtoday.net/2014/06/30/social-media-impact-on-indian-society/

[6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/communal-violence

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/Communal_violence

[8] https://www.epw.in/engage/article/dangerous-speech-real-time-social-media-policing-and-communal-violence

[9] https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/6/26/india-communal-violence-in-times-of-social-media

[10] https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/565582.pdf

[11] https://www.cla-india.com/post/information-technology-intermediary-guidelines-and-digital-media-ethicscode-rules-2021-analysis

[12] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/%20news/economy/%20policy/india-plans-to-regulate-social-mediaas-it-can-cause-disruption/articleshow/%2071695590.cms

[13] https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Revised-IT-Rules-2021-proposed-amended.pdf

[1] Jurisprudence of Juvenile Justice: A Preambular Perspective.

[2] The planning Commission Government in India, “Report of the working Group on Child Rights forthe 12th Five Year Plan (2012- 2017) p. 15.

[3] Kumari Ved: The Juvenile Justice System in India From Welfare to Right, 2004, Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi, p.11.

[4] Srivastava S.P: Juvenile Justice in India (Policy Program and Perspective), 1989, AjantaPublications (India) Delhi, p. 5.

[5] Report of the Six United Nation Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment ofOffenders, Caracas, Venezuela, August 25, September 5, 1980 at 41.

[6] Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders,Report of the Inter regional Preparatory Meeting on Youth Crime and Justice, Beijing, 14-18 May,1984, pp. 13-14.

[7] Ruth Cavan: Juvenile Delinquency (New York: Horper & Row Publishers 1981), at 26.

[8] Section 2 (e) of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986.

[9] Section 2 (l) of the Juvenile Justice (C&P) Act, 2000.

[10] Sir Cyril Burt, the Young Delinquent 4th Edn, pg. 4, (1996).

[11] Article 1 of Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948 ( UDHR).

[12] Article 1 United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (RiyadhGuidelines), 1990.

[13] Article 2 Riyadh Guidelines.

[14] Economic and Social Council Resolution 1997/ 30

[15] Section 3 of the Children Pledging of Labour Act, 1933.

[16] Section 2 of the Children Pledging of Labour Act, 1933.

[17] Section 3 (1) (2) of the Employment of Children Act 1938.

[18] Section 1 (2) of the Apprentices Act, 1961.

[19] Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, New Delhi Oxford Press, 2006, p. 163.

[20] Section 82 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[21] Section 83 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[22] Section 23 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[23] Section 24 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[24] Section 25 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[25] Section 26 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[26] SARKAR, Chandana: Juvenile Delinquency in India: An etiologicalAnalysis. (Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 1987)

[27] Section 4 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000.

[28] Section 4(2) of the Juvenile Justice( Care and protection of children) Act, 2000

[29] Section 8 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000.

[30] AIR 1921 (Oudh) 190

[31] (1982) 1 SCC 480

[32] (1989) 2 SCC 325

[33] (2005) 3 JCC 1313

[34] (1997) 10 SCC 549

[1] Sarkar, C. (1987), 'Juvenile Delinquency in India: an Etiological Analysis.' Daya Pub. House, Delhi, pp. 39-154.

[2] K. Kusum, 'Juvenile Delinquency- A Socio-legal Study'(1979) Published by KLM Book House, New Delhi

[3] Singh, R.S. (1948) Juvenile Delinquency in India Lucknow: The Universal Publishers Ltd., Sociological Review.

[4] Sugata Menon (2000), Young Criminals: Crime and Punishment in Juvenile Delinquency, Hard Back media, ISBN 9788173913280

[5] Nawaz. Haque (2012) Juvenile Justice System & its Delinquency in India, nawaz.haque@legalserviceindia.com

[6] Singh, R.S. (1948) Juvenile Delinquency in India Lucknow: The Universal Publishers Ltd., Sociological Review. Page 11.

[7] See the Black Dictionary of Law

[8] K. Kusum, 'Juvenile Delinquency- A Socio-legal Study'(1979) Published by KLM Book House, New Delhi, page 44

[9] Ruth Shonle Cavan Theodore N. Ferdinand, Juvenile Delinquency (III Edition): 27

[10] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book Company.P. 22-23

[11] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.45

[12] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60

[13] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book CompanyP.32

[14] Shukla , K. S., Delinquency in India: Causes and Control. A Paper presented in the Seminar on Social defence in India at Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, Aug 13, 1981.

[15] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.54

[16] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.

[17] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book Company.P.24

[18] Shukla , K. S., Delinquency in India: Causes and Control. A Paper presented in the Seminar on Social defence in India at Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, Aug 13, 1981.”:

[19] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.”:”:

[20] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.62.”:”:

[21] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60.”:”:

[22] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.”:”:

[23] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60

[24] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.

[25] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.73

[26] Hirschi, G. (1979). Causes of Delinquency. Research Bulletin. London: University of California Press.P.68

[27] Sec. 2(12) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[28] Sec. 2(13) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[29] Sec. 2(14) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[30] Sec. 109 of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[31] Harbishettar V, Math SB. Violence against women in India: comprehensive care for survivors. Indian j Med Res. 2014;140:111–3. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[32] Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Indian Penal Code 466-467(Justice K.T Thomas, M.A Rashid, LexisNexis, 33rd edition,2016)

[33] Code of Criminal Procedure,1973, Section 318.

[1] (Indian Penal Code, s 375).

[2] Padmakshi Sharma, Plea To Criminalise Marital Rape Livelaw (16 Jan 2023).

[3] Jejeebhoy, S. J., K. G. Santhya and R. Acharya, Health and social consequences of marital violence: A synthesis of evidence from India New Delhi: Population Council and UNFPA (2010).

[4] Ministry of Health & Family Welfare National Family Health Survey (MFHS-5) (2019-2021) <https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf> accessed on March 17, 2023.

[5] Id.

[6] Rosemarie Tong, Feminist Thought: A more comprehensive introduction (2013).

[7] Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Penguin Classics 1792).

[8] John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women (Longmans 1869).

[9] Id (n6).

[10] Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (W. W. Norton 1963).

[11] Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949).

[12] Id (n6).

[13] Elena Loizidou, The Trouble with Rape: Gender Matters and Legal `Transformations'. Feminist Legal Studies 7, 275–297 (1999).

[14] Saumya Uma, South Asian feminist engagements with law: Some explorations in the context of violence against women Jindal Global Law Review 10, 197–221 (2019).

[15] Shoumik Hassin, ‘Rape is crime of power used to control women’ BDDNews24 (20 May 2017).

[16] Nivedita Menon, Seeing Like a Feminist (Penguin India 2012).

[17] Srimati Basu, Sexual Property: Staging Rape and Marriage in Indian Law and Feminist Theory, Feminist Studies , (Spring 2011) pp. 185-211.

[18] SCC OnLine Guj 732, [128] 65.

[19] Zoya Hussain, Indian Legislature's Stand About Marital Rape Indiatimes (Jul 21, 2022).

[20] Catherine Mackinnon, ‘Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence’, (1983) 8 Signs 635-658.

[21] (Indian Penal Code, s 376A).

[22] Payal Gwalani, Men’s rights activists threaten hunger strike against marital rape PIL in SC, HindustanTimes (Feb 27, 2023).

[23] Robin West ‘Jurisprudence and Gender’ (1988) 55 University of Chicago Law Review 1.

[24] Andrea Dworkin, Pornography : men possessing women (Women's Press, London, 1981).

[25] Kristen Ghodsee, Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism (2018).

[26] Iris Young, Justice and the politics of difference (1990).

[27] Raveena Rao Kallakuru , Criminalisation of Marital Rape in India (2018).

[1] Anouj Mehta, Sonia Chand Sandhu, et.al., Catalyzing green finance: A concept for leveraging blended finance for green development (Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2017).

[2] G20 Green Finance Study Group, "G20 Green Finance Synthesis Report", September 2016.  

[3] Saurabh Ghosh, Siddhartha Nath, et.al., "Green Finance in India: Progress and Challenges", RBI Bulletin 61-72 (2021).

[4] Ibid.

[5] G20 Green Finance Study Group, "G20 Green Finance Synthesis Report", September 2016.

[6] International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), "Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2020,"

[7] Climate Bonds Initiative, "About Green Bonds,"

[8] Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), "ESG Reporting,"

[9] https://www.unenvironment.org/regions/asia-and-pacific/regionalinitiatives/supporting-resource-efficiency/green-financing

[10] A collection of guidelines for a business's operations that adhere to specific social, environmental, and governance norms are known as environmental, social, and governance (ESG) principles. Many investors use it as a benchmark to evaluate the sustainability of possible investments. Environmental criteria take into account a company's operational and environmental cost balance. Social criteria pertain to the interactions that businesses have with their suppliers, customers, workers, and the local communities in which they operate. The topics of governance include internal controls, shareholder rights, audits, executive compensation, and leadership of a corporation.

[11] Stock exchange in Shanghai.

[12] https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/FAQ_CSR.pdf

[13] United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), "Principles for Responsible Investment (PRI)"

[14] International Organization for Standardization (ISO), "ISO Standards for Sustainable Finance"

[15] Global Sustainable Investment Alliance (GSIA), "2018 Global Sustainable Investment Review”