Search Publications

[1] Importance of brand building and securing it through IPR, Compliance Calender,  https://www.compliancecalendar.in

[2] Intellectual property rights, Drishti IAS, https://www.drishtiias.com/to-the-points/paper3/intellectual-property-rights

[3] The Trade Marks Act, 1999

[4] The Copyright Act, 1957

[5] The Patents Act, 1970

[6] The Designs Act, 2000

[7] Journal of Intellectual Property Rights, Vol 22, January 2017, pp 32-41

[8] What is brand protection, Lexis Nexis, https://www.lexisnexisip.com/solutions/brand-protection/what-is-brand-protection/

[9] 142 (2007) Dlt 724, MIPR 2007 (2) 269, 2007 (35) PTC 95 Del

[1] Act XXVII of 1870

[2] Act IV of 1898

[3] Narain, S., “Disaffection and the Law: The Chilling Effect of Sedition Laws in India” Economic & Political Weekly, September 2016

[4]22 ILR Bom 112 (1898).

[5] The IPC, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860), s.124-A.

[6] E Barendt, ‘Interests in Freedom of Speech: Theory and Practice’ in Kam Fan Sin (ed), Legal Explorations: Essays in Honour of Professor Michael Chesterman (2003) 175.

[7]AIR 1950 SC 124.

[8] Umesh Kumar Sharma v. State of Uttarakhand and another, (2020) W.P. Crl. 1182.

[9] Queen-Empress v. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, ILR (1898) 22 Bom 112.

[10] Tara Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1962 SCC 955 (India).

[11] (1868) 11 Cox’s Criminal Cases 44

[12]  (1873) 16 Cox’s Criminal Cases 355

[13] (2003) 8 SCC 461

[14]Bilal Ahmed Kaloo v. State of AP (1997) 7 SCC 430

[15]Balwant Singh v. State of Punjab (1995) 3 SCC 214

[16] Stephen , Commentaries  on the Law of England(1950) , Vol. IV, Page-141-142

[17]  Stone, Geoffrey R.; Kahan, Dan M. Sedition and Domestic Terrorism, Encyclopaedia of Crime and Justice 2002 retrieved from http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/Sedition_Act.aspx on 11th November 2012.

[18] (1868) 11 Cox's Criminal Cases 44

[19]  Stephen's Digest ,9th Edition,Art.114 cited by  Gupta H.P & Sarkar P.K , Law relating to Press and Sedition in  India , 2002, Orient Publishing Company , New Delhi Page-147

[20] Reg. v .Alexander Martin Sullivan , (1868) 11 Cox's Criminal Cases 44

[21] AIR 1962 SC 955

[1] MARTIN JEYA PRAKASH V Y STUDENT OF TAMILNADU DR AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY (SOEL), CHENNAI, (EMAIL: itsmartin2001@gmail.com ; Mobile no - 8925166839)

[2] LOKA C. THLAIVANAR STUDENT OF PONNAIYAH RAMAJAYAM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY (PRIST) SCHOOL OF LAW – MADURAI CAMPUS (EMAIL – lokathlaivanar@gmail.com ; Mobile no - 8838747205)

[3] https://lawbhoomi.com/evidentiary-value-of-a-dying-declaration/#Definition_of_Dying_Declaration

[4] 5ILR 7 385

[5] https://www.drishtijudiciary.com/to-the-point/ttp-indian-evidence-act/dying-declaration

[6] AIR 2001 SC 1814

[7] https://sociallawstoday.com/admissibility-of-dying-declaration/#_ftn2

[8] https://www.drishtijudiciary.com/to-the-point/ttp-indian-evidence-act/dying-declaration

[9] Dying Declaration, at http:/www.lawyersclubindia.com/articles

[10] https://www.intolegalworld.com/article?title=what-is-the-distinction-between-english-law-indian-law-of-dying-declaration

[11] AIR 2001 SC 2944

[12] AIR 1958 SC 22

[13] AIR 2001 SUPREME COURT 2124, 2001 (6) SCC 407

[14] [1939] 1 MLJ 59

[15] 1962 AIR 439, 1962 SCR SUPL. (1) 104, AIR 1962 SUPREME COURT 439

[16] 1976 AIR 1994, 1976 SCR 542, AIR 1976 SUPREME COURT 1994

[17] AIR 2017 SC 4609

[18] (2017) 6 SCC 1

[1] Christina L Kunz, John E Ottaviani, and Elaine D Ziff, ‘Browse-Wrap Agreements: Validity of Implied Assent in Electronic Form Agreements’ [2003] 9 Journal of Internet Law 3 .

[2] Tanisha Gautam, ‘CLICKWRAP, BROWSEWRAP, AND SHRINKWRAP AGREEMENTS IN INDIA’ 1.

[3] ‘Wrap Contracts - Nancy S. Kim - Oxford University Press’ accessed 28 March 2024.

[4] ‘What Is Network Security? Definition, Importance and Types | TechTarget’ (Networking) accessed 28 March 2024.

[5] ibid.

[6] The IT Act 2000, s 10.

[7] The IT Act 2000, s 2(p) defines “Electronic Signature” The authentication of an electronic record by a subscriber using the electronic method outlined in the second schedule, which encompasses digital signatures.

[8] The ICA 1872, s 2(b)

[9] The ICA 1872, s 2(h)

[10] Bhagwandas Goverdhandas Kedia v M/s Girdharilal Parshottamdas and Others [1966] AIR 543.

[11] The IT Act 2000, s 4.

[12] Ibid

[13] 103rd report of Law commission 1984‘353.Pdf’ accessed 28 March 2024.

[14] ICA 1872, s 2(a).

[15] Lalman Shukla v Gauri Dutt [1913] 11 All LJ 489.

[16] ‘8 Common Issues with Terms and Conditions Agreements’ (Privacy Policies) accessed 28 March 2024.

[17] ‘Legal - Website Terms of Use - Apple’ (Apple Legal) accessed 28 March 2024.

[18] ‘Privacy Policy – Privacy & Terms – Google’ accessed 28 March 2024.

[19] ‘Microsoft Privacy Statement – Microsoft Privacy’ accessed 28 March 2024.

[20] ICA 1872, s 2(i).

[21] Nguyen v Barnes & Noble Inc [2014] 763 F.3d 1171.

[22] Pollstar v Gigmania [2000] 170 F Supp 2d 974.

[23] Specht v Netscape Communication Corp [2002] 306 F.3d 17.

[24] The IT Act 2000, s 10A.

[25] The Model Law 1196, Art.11.

[26] ICA 1872, s 11-13.

[27] Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co [1893] 1 QB 256.

[28] Mohri Bibi v Dharmodas Ghose [1903] 30 IA 114.

[29] IEA 1872, s 65(B)(1).

[30] The IT (Amendment) Act 2008, s 10A.

[31] Trimex International FZE Ltd. Dubai v Vedanta Aluminium Ltd [2010] 3 SCC 1.

[32] Reserve Bank of India, information Security, Electronic Banking, Technology Risk Management and Cyber' (2011).available at https://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/content/PDFs/GBS300411F.pdf

[33] Maren K Woebbeking, ‘The Impact of Smart Contracts on Traditional Concepts of Contract Law’ (2019) 10 JIPITEC .

[34] Bhagwandas Goverdhandas Kedia v Girdharilal Parshottamdas [1966] AIR SC 543; [1966] 1 SCR 656.

[35] Specht v Netscape Communications Corp [2002] 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir).

[36] Dewayne Hubbert v Dell Corp [2005] 359 Ill App 3d 976, 835 NE2d 113.

[37] Southwest Airlines v Boardfirst LLC [2007] Civ Act No 3:06-CV-0891-B (N.D. Texas).

[38] Cairo v CrossMedia Services [2005] Case No C04-04825 (JW).

[39] Nguyen v Barnes & Noble Inc [2015] 763 F.3d 1171.

[40] Joe Douglas v Talk America Inc [2007] Case No 06-75424 (9th Cir).

[41] Ibid at 2.

[42] Re Zappos.com, Inc. v Customer Data Security Breach Litigation [2018] MDL No 16-16860 D.C. No 3:12-cv-00325-RCJ-VPC.

[43] Ibid at 15.

[44] Ibid at 18.

[45] Vitacost.com Inc. v McCants [2017] Case No 4D16-3384 (Fla Dist Ct).

[46] ‘Stanganelli J, How Not to Do Browse-wrap: A Parable, (DMN, March 22, 2017).’ accessed 29 March 2024.

[47] Hoffman v Supplements Togo Mgmt [2011] 419 NJ Super 596, 605-7 (App Div).

[48] Specht v Netscape Communications Corp [2002] 306 F.3d 17 (2d Cir).

[49] Caspi v Microsoft Network [1999] 323 NJ Super 118 (App Div).

[50] Rushing v Viacom [2018] N.D. Cal 04492.

[51] Rachel Stover v Experian Holdings Inc [2020] Case No 19-55204 (9th Cir).

[52] Amy Skuse v Pfizer [2020] 244 NJ 30.

[53] Wollen v Gulf Stream Restoration and Cleaning [2021] N.J. Super. LEXIS 94 (App Div).

[54] Ibid at 34.

[1]  Kumar, Virendra. “Basic Structure Of The Indian Constitution: Doctrine Of Constitutionally Controlled Governance [From Kesavananda Bharati To I.R. Coelho].” Journal of the Indian Law Institute, vol. 49, no. 3, 2007, pp. 365–98. JSTOR, (27 Oct. 2022), http://www.jstor.org/stable/43952120

[2] (1973) 4 SCC 225: AIR 1973 SC 1461

[3] The best illustration is provided by Mrs. Indira Gandhi, the former prime minister of India, who enforced a state of emergency during which time the Forty-Second Constitutional (Amendment) Act, 1976, an attempt to amend the Constitution, was passed. This argument was made by Nani Palkhivala as well in the Keshavananda Case, and it ultimately turned up to be accurate.

[4] The Constitution (First Amendment) Act, 1951 (India), https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-first-amendment-act-1951

[5] Beshara, Christopher J. “Basic Structure Doctrines and the Problem of Democratic Subversion: Notes from India.” Verfassung Und Recht in Übersee / Law and Politics in Africa, Asia and Latin America, vol. 48, no. 2, 2015, pp. 111. JSTOR, (Accessed 27 Oct. 2022) http://www.jstor.org/stable/26160109

[6] Explained: LJP wants quota law to be included in Ninth Schedule; what is this?, INDIAN EXPRESS, (27 Oct. 2022) https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/ninth-schedule-of-the-constitution-explained-6265890/

[7] AIR 1965 SC 845.

[8] AIR 1951 SC 458

[9] Ria Goyal, Case Commentary on Waman rao and Ors.v. UOI: Analysing the Basic Structure Doctrine and its Evolution, MANUPATRA, (21 October, 2022),  https://articles.manupatra.com/article-details/Case-Commentary-on-Waman-Rao-and-Ors-vs-Union-of-India-Analysing-the-Basic-Structure-Doctrine-its-Evolution

[10] Amendment by simple majority of each house of Parliament- it is like an ordinary bill. Formation of new States, creation or abolition of Legislative Councils (Arts. 4, 169 and 239-A) is made by such procedure. Thus, amendment at the instance of the States, or amendment by State Legislatures, is included in such category. Amendments under this category are expressly excluded from the purview of Article 368.

[11] means having a majority of “all members of each House” and at least two-third of those present and voting. This category includes all amendments, excluding those referred to in amendments by a simple majority, such as the authority of the Election Commission.

[12] The States have an important voice in the amendment of these provisions, which must be approved by the legislatures of at least half of the States.

[13] Even the Privy Purse was charged to the Consolidated Fund of India, but it has since been revoked.

[14] Keshavananda Bharathi v. State of Kerala, (1973) 4 S.C.C. 225

[15] Whether a feature is “basic” or not is to be determined from time to time by the court as and when the question arises. See, Jain, M.P.-Indian Constitutional Law, Sixth edition 2010, reprint 2012, p. 1645

[16] (1980) 3 SCC 625

[17] Waman Rao v. Union of India, (1981) 2 SCC 362

[18] S.P. Sampath Kumar v. Union of India (1987) 1 SCC 124.

[19] P. Sambamurthy v. State of Andhra Pradesh (1987) SCC 362

[20] Rule of law was also held impliedly asbasic structure in the Golakh Nath Case by Justice Mudholkar.

[21] Central Coal Fields Ltd. v. Jaiswal Coal co. 1980 Supp SCC 471

[22] AIR 1993 SC 412.

[23]S.R. Bommai v. Union of India AIR 1994 SC 1918.

[24](2006) 8 SCC 212.

[25] AIR 2007 SC 71.

[26] AIR 2007 SC 861

[27] see, Indian Constitution: Sixty Years of Our faith, Indian Express; 2 February 2010.

[28] opp. cit. M.P. Singh.

[29] Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala (1973) 4 SCC 225.

[30] AIR 1975 SC 2299.

[31] (1973) 4 S.C.C. 225

[32] AIR 1967 SC 1643

[33] AIR 1993 SC 477, 1992 Supp 2 SCR 454

[34] (AIR 1980 SC 1789)

[35] (1981) 2 SCC 362

[36] AIR 2007 SC 71

[37] (AIR 1975 SCC 2299)

[38] (1997) 3 SCC 261

[39] (1999), 7 SCC 580

[40] (2006) 8 SCC 212

[41] AIR 2010 SC 1476

[42] 2022 LiveLaw (SC) 922

[43] Supra note 31

[44] 1963 AIR 649, 1962 SCR Supl. (1) 439

[45] 1964 AIR 1823, 1964 SCR (6) 368

[46] 1973 AIR 930, 1973 SCR (3) 236

[47] 1976 AIR 490, 1976 SCR (1) 906

[1] Dr Satish Kumar Mishra, ‘Indian Film Industry and Copyright Piracy Issues in India: A Growing Concern’ (2023) 10(3) International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology International Journal of Innovative Research in Technology  accessed 7 March 2024.

[2] UNESCO, Approved Programme and Budget, 2004-2005, at 201, par. 04321 etseq.

[3] Art. 13.12. JLN Sterling, Sterling on World Copyright Law (6th edn, Sweet and Maxwell 2022)  accessed 29 December 2023.

[4]‘Move over torrents, Indians now use Telegram to pirate movies and TV shows’ (India Today, 16 September 2020)  accessed 1 March 2024.

[5] Elizabeth Gravler, ‘As Netflix raises prices again, here’s how you can save on — and benefit from — your subscription’ (CNBC, 15 November 2023)  accessed 10 February 2024.

[6]Divyanshi Sharma, ‘After Netflix, Disney stops users from sharing their password outside household’ (India Today, 28 September 2023) <www.indiatoday.in/technology/news/story/after-netflix-disney-stops-users-from-sharing-their-password-outside-household-2441624-2023-09-28> accessed 28 February 2024.

[7]‘How the pandemic emerged as a blessing for India’s OTT industry’ (Economic Times, 16 July 2021) accessed 1 March 2024.

[8] Mellesia Cyril, ‘Exploring India’s Thriving OTT Video Segment: Trends, Growth, and Investor Interest’ (India Briefing, 11 April 2023)  accessed 2 March 2024.

[9] ‘Visits to piracy websites have increased 12% in the past 4 years’ (Fast Company, 15 January 2024)  accessed 5 March 2024.

[10] Solomon & Co., ‘Cinematograph (Amendment) Bill, 2023: An Invasion On Piracy’ (Solomon & Co.) <https://solomonco.in/cinematograph-amendment-bill-an-invasion-on-piracy/> accessed 7 February 2024.

[11]Manish Jindal, ‘History of Movie Piracy – Nuanced Explanation’ (Bytes Care, 15 January 202) accessed 11 January 2024.

[12] Ernst and Young, Reinvent: India’s media & entertainment sector is innovating for the future (FICCI 2024)  accessed 4 January 2024.

[13] Joanna L Mathias, ‘IPR AWARENESS AND THE NATIONAL IPR POLICY’ (2021) 3(5) Intellectualis Stock Taking: IPR law and Policy Reforms 8, accessed 6 March 2024.

[14] Neetu Chandra Sharma, ‘Study shows low IPR awareness in India’ (Live Mint, 8 September 2018)  accessed 7 February 2024.

[15]Apurva Prashant Deshpande and others, ‘Assessment of knowledge and awareness regarding intellectual property rights among the health-care professionals in Belagavi city: A cross-sectional study’ (2022) 11(1) Journal of Education and Health Promotion 211, accessed 1 March 2024.

[16]Telegraph India, ‘India lags behind in IPR as students lack awareness, says higher education joint secretary’ (Telegraph India, 19 January 2022)  accessed 2 March 2024.

[17] Iblina Begum and H Sharma, ‘Piracy: A threat to Academicians and Publishers’ (2018) 23 Journal of Intellectual Property Right 261,  accessed 7 December 2023.

[18] ‘India slips to 43rd rank in US intellectual property rights index’ (Business Standard, 24 February 2023)  accessed 1 March 2024.

[19] Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Major action to curb film piracy as industry faces losses of Rs. 20,000 crore annually due to piracy (1974394, Press Information Bureau 2023)  accessed 12 January 2024.

[20] Recording Industry Association of America, RIAA 2018 YEAR-END MUSIC INDUSTRY REVENUE REPORT (RIAA 2019) accessed 1 March 2024.

[21] Motion Picture Association, A Comprehensive Analysis and Survey of the Theatrical and home/ mobile entertainment market environment for 2021 (MPA 2021)  accessed 17 January 2024.

[22] Agency Office of United States Trade Representative, 2023 Special 301 Report on Intellectual Property Protection and Enforcement (USTR-2022-0016, USTR 2023)  accessed 13 January 2024.

[23] Payel Chatterjee, ‘‘What’s in a name’… John Doe arrives in India’ (Nishith Desai Associates: Nishith Desai, 2014) accessed 4 March 2024.

[24] Lata Jha, ‘Piracy continues to hit OTT revenues, subscriber growth’ (Live Mint, 31 January 2023) accessed 5 January 2024.

[25] Gunjan Chawla, ‘Impact of Online Digital Piracy on the Indian Film Industry: An Empirical Investigation into Consumer Behaviour’ (2023) 28(1) Journal of Intellectual Property Rights accessed 1 March 2024.

[26] Liye Ma and others, ‘An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Pre-Release Movie Piracy on Box Office Revenue’ (2014) 25(3) Information Systems Research 590, accessed 1 March 2024.

[27] UTV Software communication limited vs. home cable Network ltd. & ors. I.A. No. 5383/2011 in CS (OS) No.821 of 2011.

[28] Jyoti cable network & ors. LA. No 11242/2011 in CS(OS) No.1724/2011.

[29] Ramnath K Chellappa and Shivendu Shivendu, ‘Economic Implications of Variable Technology Standards for Movie Piracy in a Global Context’ (2003) 20(2) Journal of Management Information Systems 137, accessed 29 February 2024.

[30] Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, ‘Foreign Investment Policy’ (Ministry of Information and Broadcasting) accessed 25 January 2024.

[31] Sofia Karadima, ‘FDI in film-making: The state of play’ (Investment Monitor, 27 June 2022) accessed 31 January 2024.

[32] Nilesh Zacharias, ‘TRANSFORMING BOLLYWOOD – A LEGAL PERSPECTIVE’ (Nishith Desai, 2020) accessed 14 January 2024.

[33] Keyur Dhandeo, ‘Piracy forces closure of 1,500 outlets selling DVDs in Gujarat’ (Economic Times, 8 February 2012) accessed 1 March 2024.

[34] Dana Yosifovich, ‘Film Piracy Report | Reason Labs’ (Reason Labs | Endpoint Protection & Antivirus Security Solutions, 8 March 2023) accessed 27 January 2024.

[35] Digital Citizen Alliance, ‘Piracy to Ads to Ransomware: Investigation Finds $121 Million in Dangerous Malicious Ads on Piracy Sites Designed to Trick Users into Infecting Their Devices’ (PR Newswire, 15 September 2022) accessed 7 January 2024.

[36] ‘Netflix gets 16 million new sign-ups thanks to lockdown’ (BBC News, 22 April 2020)  accessed 23 November 2023.

[37] Don Reisinger, ‘‘Game of Thrones’ Season 7 Has Been Pirated More Than 1 Billion Times’ (Fortune, 17 September 2017) accessed 2 March 2024.

[38] Lata Jha, ‘India’s OTT Industry Loses Up to 30% Revenue to Piracy’ (Live Mint, 16 February 2022) accessed 5 January 2024.

[39] UTV Software Communication Ltd. v. 1337X AIRONLINE 2019 DEL 773.

[40] Star India (P) Ltd. v. 7Movierulz.TC CS(COMM) 604/2022.

[41] Universal City Studios v. Mixdrop Co CS(COMM) 663/2022.

[42] Disney Enterprises v. M1 [2018] SGHC 206.

[1] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Commentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg7

[2] Article 3(1) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[3] Article 3(5) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[4] Article 2(b) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[5] Article 7 of the ILO Constitution 1919

[6] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Commentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg199

[7] Article 1 of the Convention Number 144,1976

[8] Article 4 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[9]Article 5 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[10] Article 6 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[11] https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---dialogue/documents/publication/wcms_590126.pdf (visited on 28/03/2024)

[12] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg223

[13] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg223

[14] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response, Asia Law House, Pg227.

[15] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg227

[16] S.N. MISRA, LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS, 28TH Edition, Central Law Publications,pg no.94

[17] AIR 1960 SC 879

[18] (1955) I LLJ 48

[19] 1983 I LLJ 306

[20] 1986 Lab IC 667 (670) SC.

[21] (1987) I LLJ 300(307).

[22] Tenth Edition,Dr.V.G. GOSWAMI,LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS,CENTRAL LAW AGENCY, PG.1127.

[23]S.N. MISRA, LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS, 28TH Edition, Central Law Publications,pg no.493 .

[24] Tenth Edition,Dr.V.G. Goswami,Labour & Industrial Laws,Central Law Agency, PG NO.660

[25]   https://labour.gov.in/mainsecretariatdivisions/industrial-tripartite-committees#:~:text=The%20functions%20of%20the%20Industrial,a%20workable%20formula%20agreeable%20to visited on (09/03/2024)

[26] (1983) 1 SCC 228.

[27] V G Mehta, Labour Participation in Management, 20-21

[28] 8th edition,S C Srivastava,  Industrial Relations and Labour Laws, Pg no:88

[1] Advocate, BA LLB, LLM, NET

[2] (2000) 3 SCC 693.

[3] (2007) 2 SCC 564.

[4] Omitted by the Personal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2019, § 5, No. 6, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India).

[5] (2009) 1 SCC 42.

[6] (2010) 8 SCC 24.

[7] (2013) 5 SCC 226.

[8] (2018) 4 SCC 501.

[9] (2020) 7 SCC 599.

[10] 2012 SCC OnLine Del 4462.

[11] 2014 SCC OnLine Kar 12715.

[12] Application No. 27720/2019.

[13] Criminal Appeal No.1723 of 2017.

[14] 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 1391.

[15] 2023:DHC:3396.

[16] Shiju Joy A. v. Nisha, 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 1391.