White Black Legal Law Journal

LITERAL RULE OF INTERPRETATION AND ITS RELEVANCE IN TODAY'S CONTEXT BY - AYALI NATUA & DEBARJUN DEY

Authors: AYALI NATUA & DEBARJUN DEY
Year : April - 2022 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 13
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link: https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-68967238/LITERAL RULE OF INTERPRETATION AND ITS RELEVANCE I

Share on:

PROVIDENT FUND AS WELFARE SCHEME- NATURE, RULES, AND PRACTICE BY - SOUMYA SHARMA

Authors: SOUMYA SHARMA
Registration ID: 103040 | Published Paper ID: WBL3040
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-77137451/PROVIDENT FUND AS WELFARE SCHEME- NATURE, RULES, A

Share on:

[1] Constitution of India, 1950

[2] Constitution of India, 1950

[3] K. Madhavan Pillai, Labour and Industrial Laws 267 (Allahabad Law Agency Haryana, 9 edn,.2003)

[4] V.P. Singh, Industrial Law in India 79 (Asia Publishing House New Delhi, 2 edi., 1963).

[5] International Labour Organization. Declaration of Philadelphia. International Labour Organization, 1944. https://www.ilo.org/declaration/lang--en/index.htm.

[6] International Labour Organization. Income Security Recommendation, 1944 (No. 67). International Labour Organization, 1944. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:R067.

[7] United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations, 1948. https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights.

[8] United Nations General Assembly. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. United Nations, 1966. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cescr.aspx.

[9] International Labour Organization. Social Security (Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952 (No. 102). International Labour Organization, 1952. https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C102.

[10] 1843, 6 & 7 Vict. c. 76

[11] The Employees' Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952, Act No. 19 of 1952.

[12] Act no. 19 of 1952.

[13] Section 1 (3) (a)

[14] Section 1 (3) (b)

[15] Section 1 (4)

[16] Id., Section 1 (4)

[17] Id., Section 1 (3) (a)

[18] Section 2(f) of The Employees’ Provident Funds and Miscellaneous Provisions Act

[19] Section 2 (f)

[20] AIR 1955 Mad 387

[21] AIR 1965 AP 200

[22] (1986) S.C.O. (L & S) 155.

[23] Section 2A of EPF Act

[24] Section 26(6) of EPF Act

[25] Section 5 (1)

[26] Section 6 A (1)

[27] Section 6 C (1)

[28] Section 5(1-A), Section 6A(3) and Section 6C(5)

[29] 1990 SCC (L&S) 1

[30] No. SRO 331 dated Jan. 15.1958 and no GSR 1467 dated Dec. 2, 1960.

[31] AIR 1962 SC 1402

[32] Retiral that employer and employee both contribute in line with the Employee's Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952

[33] 1960 SCR (3) 488

[34] 1963 SCR (3) 995

[35] 1963 SCR (3) 978

[36] (SC) (1998) 8 SCC 90

[37] [1998]1 SCR4

[38] ILR 2004 KAR 80

[39] (2009) 10 SCC 123

[40] (2014) 4 SCC 37

[41] Bank of India v. Provident Fund Commissioner 2005 SCC OnLine Ker 658 : (2006) 2 KLJ 135.

[42] Section 69 of EPF Act

HUMAN RESOURCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: A PARTNERSHIP FOR PROTECTION BY - SHRUTI SHREE

Authors: SHRUTI SHREE
Registration ID: 103039 | Published Paper ID: WBL3039
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-92673855/HUMAN RESOURCE AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY: A PARTNE

Share on:

UNCOVERING THE STATERGIES OF PREDATORY PRICING: AN IN-DEPTH ANALYSIS BY - PORCHILAI

Authors: PORCHILAI
Registration ID: 103038 | Published Paper ID: WBL3038
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-96848235/UNCOVERING THE STATERGIES OF PREDATORY PRICING: AN

Share on:

EXTORTIONATE TRANSACTIONS IN INSOLVENCY – EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE IBC 2016 BY - DEEPANSH BHATI

Authors: DEEPANSH BHATI
Registration ID: 103037 | Published Paper ID: WBL3037
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-61493892/EXTORTIONATE TRANSACTIONS IN INSOLVENCY – EVALUA

Share on:

[1] Mokal, R. J. (2001). "The Value of Rescue: A Critical Analysis of the London Approach to the Resolution of Financial Distress." Journal of Corporate Law Studies, 1(1), 136-178.

[2] Altman, E. I., & Hotchkiss, E. (2005). Corporate Financial Distress and Bankruptcy: Predict and Avoid Bankruptcy, Analyze and Invest in Distressed Debt. John Wiley & Sons.

[3] Stiglitz, J. E., & Weiss, A. (1981). "Credit Rationing in Markets with Imperfect Information." American Economic Review, 71(3), 393-410.

[4] Berger, A. N., & Udell, G. F. (2002). "Small Business Credit Availability and Relationship Lending: The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure." Economic Journal, 112(477), F32-F53.

[5] See The Sick Industrial Companies (Special Provisions) Act, 1985; The Recovery of Debts Due to Banks and Financial Institutions Act, 1993; The Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Securities Interest Act, 2002; Companies Act, 2013

[6] World Bank. (2019). "Doing Business 2020: Comparing Business Regulation in 190 Economies." World Bank Group.

[7] Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI). (2016). "Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016: A Reform to Promote Resolution, Maximize Value of Assets, and Balance Interests of All Stakeholders."

[8] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Preamble

[9] Goode, R. M. (2011). Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law (4th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.

[10] Fletcher, I. F. (2009). The Law of Insolvency (4th ed.). Sweet & Maxwell.

[11] Belmont Park Investments Pty. Ltd. v. BNY Corporate Trustee Services Ltd & Anr., 38 UKSC [2011]

[12] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 49

[13] Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee, Interim Report of the Bankruptcy Law Reform Committee (Feb. 2015) 98-99

[14] Armour, J., Hsu, A., & Walters, A. (2006). The Creditors' Bargain and Option-Preservation in Restructuring Law. European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR), 7(1), 1-34.

[15] Jackson, T. (2012). Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law. Oxford University Press.

[16] United States Bankruptcy Code, 1978

[17] Baird, D. G., & Rasmussen, R. K. (2002). The End of Bankruptcy. Yale Law Journal, 111(3), 357-384.

[18] Skeel, D. A. (2014). Debt's Dominion: A History of Bankruptcy Law in America. Princeton University Press.

[19] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 11

[20] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 29A

[21] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 50

[22] Kenneth Kettering, "Principles of Corporate Insolvency Law" (Oxford University Press, 2019), p. 145.

[23] Jason Harris, "Australian Insolvency Law: Cases and Materials" (Cambridge University Press, 2020), p. 212.

[24] Paul Omar, "Principles of Insolvency Law" (Oxford University Press, 2020), p. 212.

[25] See Supra note 5

[26] Rebecca Parry, ‘Extortionate Credit Transactions (Insolvency Act 1986, Sections 244 and 343),’ in Transaction Avoidance in Insolvencies (Rebecca Parry et al. eds., 3rd ed. 2018) 197

[27] LIC of India v. Consumer Education and Research Centre, (1995) 5 SCC 482, Pg. 32, 37

[28] Anson’s Law of Contracts (J. Beatson et. al eds., 30th ed. 2016) 4

[29] G.H.L Fridman, ‘Freedom of Contract’ 2 Ottawa L. Rev. 1 (1967)

[30] Lord Denning, The Due Process of Law (London: Butterworths, 1980), p. 112.

[31] Robert E. Scott and Alan Schwartz, Contract Theory and the Limits of Contract Law (Harvard University Press, 2008), p. 142.

[32] William A. Klein, John C. Coffee Jr., and Frank Partnoy, Business Organization and Finance: Legal and Economic Principles (Foundation Press, 2018), p. 455.

[33] Report of Review Committee, Insolvency Law and Practice (Cmnd 8558, June 1982, United Kingdom), Pg 1481 – 1484

[34] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 50

[35] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (Liquidation Process) Rules, 2016, Regulation 11

[36] Ashish Makhija, Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code of India (2018) 992.

[37] The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016, Section 51

[38] Central Inland Water Transport Corporation Limited and Another v. Brojo Nath Ganguly and Another etc. (1986) 3 SCC 156.

[39] Mary vs State Of Kerala & Ors 2014 (14) SCC 272

[40] P Saraswathi Ammal v. Lakshmi Ammal, AIR 1978 Mad 361

[41] Ladli Prasad Jaiswal v. Karnal Distillery Co. Ltd., 1964 1 SCR 270

[42] S.K. Jain v. State of Haryana, (2009) 4 SCC 357

[43] Law Commission of India, Report No. 103, Unfair Terms in Contract (July 28th, 1984), Pg. 2.6

[44] Reserve Bank of India, Guidelines on Fair Practices Code for Lenders (May 5, 2003)

THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES IN INDIA: A CRITICAL VIEW BY - DR. JASKARAN SINGH & DR. TANVIR KAUR

Authors: DR. JASKARAN SINGH & DR. TANVIR KAUR
Registration ID: 103035 | Published Paper ID: WBL3035 & WBL3036
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-76515528/THE PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF MINORITIES IN INDI

Share on:

* Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

** Assistant Professor in Law, Chandigarh Law College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali.

[1] V.V. Devasia, Lellamma Devasia, “Women, Social Justice and Human Rights”, APH Publication Corporation, New Delhi, 2013.

[2] Anjani Kant, “Human Rights: Recent Trend of Judiciary in India”, AIR Journal, 2014.

[3] Tahir Mahmood, Minorities Commission Minor Role in Major affair, 2001, p 2.

[4] A.S. Hornby, Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, 6th Ed. 2000, p-306

[5] www.eurac.edu. visited on 11 March 2022.

[6] www. hinduonnet.com

[7] AIR 1958 SC 956.

[8] AIR 1965 Ker. 75 at p-76.

[9] 1971 (Supp) SCR 677

[10] AIR 1992 SC 1630.

[11] (1995) 4 SCC 464.

[12] AIR 2003 SC 355 at p-418

[13] Kailash Rai, “The constitutional Law of India”, Central Law Publication, Allahabad, 2010.

[14] www.eurac.edu

[15] S.M. Mehta, “Indian Constitutional Law”, Deep and Deep Publication, 1990

[16] M.P. Singh, “The Constitution of India”, Delhi Law House, 2001

[17] M.P. Jain, “Indian Constitutional law”, Wadhwa and Company, Nagpur, 2010

[18] Ibid

[19] Narinder Kumar, “Constitutional Law of India”, Pioneer Publications, 2011

[20] P.A. Inamdar v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 SC 3226

[21] Malankara Syrian Catholic College v. T. Jose, AIR 2007 SC 570

[22] D.A.V. College, Jullundur v. State of Punjab, AIR 1971 SC 1737

[23] T.M.A. Pai Foundation v. State of Karnataka, AIR 2003 SC 355

[24] AIR 2003 SC 355

[25] The Hindu July 8, 2010

[26] AIR 1965 SC 183: (1964) 6 SCR 750

[27] G.S. Pandey, Constitutional Law of India, University Book House Pvt. Ltd. Jaipur 2009.

[28] Supra note 30

[29] AIR 1971 SC 1737; (1971) 2 SCC 269.

[30] (2004) 6 SCC 264, at p. 279; (2004) 5 SCALE 800

[31] Ibid at page 280. The “three-language formula” adopted for the country under the Report of the Education Commission, 1964-66 appointed by the Government of India.

[32] AIR 1951 SC 226

[33] This led to the insertion of Article 15 (4) of the Constitution (First amendment) Act, 1951.

[34] AIR 1954 SC 561

[35] V.N. Shukla, “Constitution of India”, Eastern Book Company, 2001

[36] (2002) 6 SCC 481

[37] (2008) 6 SCC 1

[38] AIR 1974 SC 1389

[39] Supra note 32, at 1742

[40] Ibid at 1744

[41] AIR 1970 SC 259; (1969) I SCC 964

[42] AIR 2003 SC 355

[43] AIR 1986 SC 1490

[44] AIR 1999 All 356

[45] AIR 2005 SC 3226

[46] P.M. Bakshi, The Constitution of India, universal Law Publishing Cp. Pvt. Ltd. 2001

[47] (1987) 2 SCC 516

[48] AIR 1988 SC 37

[49] AIR 1979 SC 83

THE EVOLUTION OF GENERAL DEFENSES UNDER IPC: A DETAILED STUDY FROM DISTRICT LUDHIANA LEGAL LANDSCAPE BY - CHEENA ABROL & DR. SIMRANJEET KAUR GILL

Authors: CHEENA ABROL & DR. SIMRANJEET KAUR GILL
Registration ID: 103033 | Published Paper ID: WBL3033 & WBL3034
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-35862487/THE EVOLUTION OF GENERAL DEFENSES UNDER IPC: A DET

Share on:

* Research Scholar School Of Law, CT University Ludhiana

**Principal School of Law, CT University, Ludhiana

1. Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[2] Ibid.

[3] Derrett, J. Duncan M. "The Development of the Criminal Law of India." Journal of the Indian Law Institute 6, no. 2 (1964): 171-203.

[4] Ibid.

[5] Indian Penal Code, Chapter IV, Sections 76-106.

[6] Ibid.

[7] Weiner, Myron. "Criminal Law and the Colonial Subject: Macaulay's Criminal Code of 1837." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 4 (1997): 735-774.

[8] Data from District and Sessions Courts of Ludhiana.

[9] Ibid.

[10] Verma, Rajesh. "Socio-Cultural Dynamics and Legal Interpretations: A Study of Self-Defense Claims in Punjab." Punjab Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 45-67.

[11] Comparative legal analysis.

[12] Ibid.

[13] Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[14] Ibid., Sections 96-106.

[15] Baxi, Upendra. "The Indian Penal Code: A Critical Commentary." Indian Law Review 2, no. 1 (2018): 45-78.

[16] State of Punjab v. Gian Kaur, AIR 1974 SC 282.

[17] Ranjit Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1982 SC 1215.

[18] Indian Penal Code, Section 84.

[19] Derrett, J. Duncan M. "The Development of the Criminal Law of India." Journal of the Indian Law Institute 6, no. 2 (1964): 171-203.

[20] Surinder Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1996 SC 311.

[21] Harbans Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 2003 SC 567.

[22] Indian Penal Code, Sections 85-86.

[23] Weiner, Myron. "Criminal Law and the Colonial Subject: Macaulay's Criminal Code of 1837." Modern Asian Studies 31, no. 4 (1997): 735-774.

[24] Basudev v. State of Pepsu, AIR 1956 SC 488.

[25] Director of Public Prosecutions v. Beard, [1920] AC 479.

[26] Indian Penal Code, Sections 76-79.

[27] Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1956 SC 127.

[28] Ibid.

[29] R v. Tolson, [1889] 23 QBD 168.

[30] Indian Penal Code, Section 81.

[31] Roy, Rajendra. "Necessity in Criminal Law: A Critical Analysis." Delhi Law Review 4, no. 2 (2015): 89-112.

[32] R v. Dudley and Stephens, [1884] 14 QBD 273.

[33] F v. State of West Bengal, AIR 2007 Cal 111.

[34] Indian Penal Code, Section 94.

[35] Verma, Rajesh. "Duress and Criminal Liability: A Study of Indian and Comparative Law." Punjab Law Journal 12, no. 1 (2015): 45-67.

[36] R v. Hasan, [2005] UKHL 22.

[37] State of Gujarat v. Vora Fiddali, AIR 1964 Guj 155.

[38] Indian Penal Code, Sections 82-83.

[39] Hiralal Mallick v. State of Bihar, AIR 1977 SC 223.

[40] Ibid.

[41] Rahul v. State of Maharashtra, AIR 2005 Bom 133.

[42] Indian Penal Code, Sections 87-91.

[43] Comparative legal analysis.

[44] R v. Clarence, [1888] 22 QBD 23.

[45] Jasbir Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1990 SC 105.

[46] Data from National Crime Records Bureau.

[47] Ibid.

[48] Ibid.

A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO ENSURING FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY IN ELECTORAL FUNDING BY - KHUSHI DIXIT & KRITIKA AGRAWAL

Authors: KHUSHI DIXIT & KRITIKA AGRAWAL
Registration ID: 103031 | Published Paper ID: WBL3031 & WBL3032
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-54592398/A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO ENSURING FIDUCIARY RES

Share on:

THE DIGITAL RAMPART IN ENHANCING BORDER MEASURES UNDER TRIPS BY - ASHWATH H

Authors: ASHWATH H.
Registration ID: 103030 | Published Paper ID: WBL3030
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-79548227/THE DIGITAL RAMPART IN ENHANCING BORDER MEASURES U

Share on:

THE INCORPORATION OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES UNDER CSR REGULATIONS BY - VENMATHI. C & H. ASHWATH

Authors: VENMATHI. C & H. ASHWATH
Registration ID: 103028 | Published Paper ID: WBL3028 & WBL3029
Year : July-2024 | Volume: 2 | Issue: 16
Approved ISSN : 2581-8503 | Country : Delhi, India

DOI Link : https://www.doi-ds.org/doilink/07.2024-56513233/THE INCORPORATION OF SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES UNDER

Share on:

WHITE BLACK LEGAL LAW JOURNAL ISSN: 2581-8503

Abbreviation: White Black Legal Law Journal

ISSN: 2581-8503

Website: whiteblacklegal.co.in

Accessibility: Open Access

License: Creative Commons 4.0

Submit Manuscript:

Licensing:

All research articles published by WHITE BLACK LEGAL LAW JOURNAL are fully open access, i.e. immediately freely available to read, download and share. Articles are published under the terms of a Creative Commons license, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Disclaimer:

The opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They do not purport to reflect the opinions or views of WHITE BLACK LEGAL LAW JOURNAL or its members. The designations employed in this publication and the presentation of material therein do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHITE BLACK LEGAL LAW JOURNAL.