[1] United Nations, https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-human-rights#:~:text=Article%2019,media%20and%20regardless%20of%20frontiers , (last visited June 22, 2023)

[2] Prateeksha, Sedition: In India the Right to Marry, Legal Service India, (June 21, 2023, 10:00 PM), https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-7769-in-india-the-right-to-marry.html

[3] Equality and Right to Marry Commission, https://www.equalityhumanrights.com/en/human-rights-act/article-12-right-marry , (last visited, June 22, 2023)

[4] Yatin Gaur, Evolution of LGBT Rights in India and taking the narrative forward: Living free and equal, iPleaders, (last visited, June 22, 2023), https://blog.ipleaders.in/evolution-of-lgbt-rights-in-india-and-taking-the-narrative-forward-living-free-and-equal/

[5] Navtej Singh Johar & Ors v. Union of India thr. Secretary Ministry of Law and Justice, AIR 2018 SC 4321

[6] The Indian Penal Code, 1860, No. 45, Acts of Parliament, 1860, (India)

[7] INDIA CONST. art. 14, 15, 19, and 21.

[8] Amandeep Kaur, Navtej Singh Johar v. UOI- Judgment which Decriminalized Homosexuality, iPleaders, (June 22, 2023, 9:29 PM), https://blog.ipleaders.in/navtej-singh-johar-v-uoi-judgment-which-decriminalized-homosexuality/

[9] Gaargi Tomar, Same Sex Marriage Case Comment on Navtej Singh Johar Case, Vol. 2 Iss 2, International Journal of Legal Science and Innovation, 337, 337-343, (2020)

[10] Rattanmeek Kaur, Analysing Gay Rights in India post the Navtej Singh Johar Judgment, GNLU Journal of Law and Economics, June 22, 2023, 9:29 PM), http://gjle.in/2019/04/05/analysing-gay-rights-in-india-post-the-navtej-singh-johar-judgment/

[11] Bar and Bench, https://www.barandbench.com/columns/litigation-columns/four-years-since-the-supreme-courts-navtej-johar-verdict-matrimonial-rights-still-remain-in-the-closet , (last visited, June 22, 2023)

[12] Manu Sharma, Striking a balance between Sedition Law and Right to Freedom of Speech & Expression, Vol. 2 Iss 5, International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, (2019)

[1] Article 19 (1) (g), Constitution of India Act 1949

[2] Cambridge Dictionary “Meaning of Trade”, Visited on June 5, 2023 https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/trade

[3] Article 19 (6), Constitution of India Act 1949

[4] National Institute of Securities Market, “Understand the basics of Securities Market” Visited on June 05, 2023 https://www.nism.ac.in/knowledge_base/understand-the-basics-of-securitiesmarkets/#:~:text=Securities%20are%20financial%20instruments%20issued,a%20productive%20need%20for%2 0them. 

[5] Garner, B. A., & Black, H. C. (2009), Black’s law dictionary, 9th ed. St. Paul, MN: West.

[6] G.S. Patel, Report of the High-Powered Committee on Stock Exchange Reforms, Indian Culture, Retrieved on June 6, 2023 https://indianculture.gov.in/reports-proceedings/report-high-powered-committee-stock-exchange-reforms

[7] Securities and Exchange Board of India v. Abhijit Rajan [Civil Appeal No. 563 of 2020]

[8] Regulation 2(g), SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulation 2015 

[9] Id 

[10] Hindustan Lever Limited v. SEBI (1998) 18 SCL 311 MOF

[11] Rajiv B. Gandhi v. SEBI, 2008 SCC OnLine SAT 78 12 Palghar Technologies Case, available at:

https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/1454682584239.pdf 13 Regulation 2(l), SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulation 2015

[12] Regulation 2(d), SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulation 2015

[13] Regulation, 2(n), SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulation 2015

[14] B. Renganathan vs SEBI

[15] History and evolution of Insider Trading, Visited on June 06, 2023

http://www.riskpro.in/download/insider_wp.pdf  

[16] P.J. Thomas, Report on the Regulation of The Stock Market In India, Security and Exchange Board of India, Retrieved on June 6, 2023

[17] Bhabha C.H., Report of the Company Law Committee 1952, Indian Culture, Retrieved on June 6, 2023 https://indianculture.gov.in/reports-proceedings/report-company-law-committee-1952 

[18] Sec. 307, Companies Act 1956 

[19] Sec. 308, Companies Act 1956

[20] Companies Amendment Act 1960, Visited on June 7, 2023, available at   https://www.lawyerservices.in/Companies-Amendment-Act-1960 23 Sachar Committee Report, Visited on June 7, 2023, available at: 

https://www.mca.gov.in/Ministry/pdf/Report_Companies_Law_Committee_01022016.pdf

[21] Supra Note 06 at pg. 

[22] Reema Bali, “Insider trading in India rules till now”, International Journal of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH (2020), 8(9), 49-53.  https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i9.2020.1072

[23] Glossary of Capital Market, Visited on June 08, 2023

https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/1292926861775.pdf

[24] COMP LJ 473 (SAT) 

[25] SEBI (Prohibition of Insider Trading) (Amendment) Regulations, 2011, Visited on June 08, 2023 https://taxguru.in/sebi/sebi-prohibition-insider-trading-amendment-regulations-2011.html

[26] Abhirami B & Arya Kuttan, “Insider Trading Laws in India – Pertinence and Problems”, International Journal of

Legal Developments and Allied Issues (2018) Visited on June 10, 2023 https://thelawbrigade.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Abhirami-Arya.pdf

[27] N.K. Sodhi, Report on the Regulation of The Stock Market In India, Security and Exchange Board of India,

Retrieved on June 6, 2023

https://www.sebi.gov.in/sebi_data/attachdocs/1386758945803.pdf

[28] Vinita Solanki and Shruti Nandwana, “Analysis of The Securities and Exchange Board Of India (Prohibition Of

Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 — An Overview” SCC Online 

[29] Sara Jain & Swapnil Singh, “The 2018 Insider Trading Amendment – A Step in Right direction?”, Indian Law

Journal 

https://www.indialawjournal.org/the-2018-insider-trading-amendment.php

[30] Securities and Exchange Board of India (Prohibition of Insider Trading) (Amendment) Regulations, 2022, available at: 

https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/nov-2022/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-prohibition-ofinsider-trading-amendment-regulations-2022_65437.html

[31] Saurabh Chakraborty, “Insider Trading in India”, International Journal of Law Management & Humanities, Vol. 05 Issue 03 (2022) 

[32] Section 15 G & Section 24, SEBI Act 1992

[33] Supra at 38

[34] Employee Profile at Sebi, Visited on June 13, 2023 https://www.sebi.gov.in/department/human-resources-department-37/employee-profile-in-sebi.html 

[35] US Securities & Exchange Commission, Visited on June 13, 2023 https://www.sec.gov/spotlight/sec-employees.shtml

[36] List of MOUs at SEBI, Visited on July 14, 2023

http://www.sebi.gov.in/cms/sebi_data/internationalAffr/IA_BilMoU.htm

[37] Priyanka Patil & Sparsha Pavan, “Need for a Stringent Legislation on InsiderTrading and its Relation to

Mismanagement”, International Journal of Law Management and Humanities, Volume 04 Issue 03

[38] Pranav Saraswat, “Elements of Effective Insider Trading Regulations: A Comparative Analysis of India and U.S.A.” [2020] 10.1 NULJ 81

[1] AIR 1978 SC 597; (1978) 1 SCC 248

[2] (1863) 14 CBNS 180; 143 ER 414

[3] 1961 AIR 1397, 1962 SCR (1) 456

[4] Gorkha Security Services v. Govt. (NCT of Delhi), (2014) 9 SCC 105.

[5] Gurdail Singh Fijji v. State of Punjab, (1979) 2 SCC 368; AIR 1979 SC 1622.

[6] (1982) 1 SCC 271; AIR 1982 SC 710.

[7] C. K. Thakker, "From Duty to Act Judicially to Duty to Act Fairly," (2003) 4SCC J-1, 11.

[8] Benjafield and Whitmore, Principles of Australian Administrative Law (1971) 145.

[9] Union of India v. Hindustan Development Corporation, (1993) 3 SCC 499.

[10] Extract from the judgment of Krishna Iyer J in Mohinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Commissioner, (1978) 1 SCC 405, 432; AIR 1978 SC 851.

[11] Mohinder Singh Gill v. Chief Election Commissioner, (1978) 1 SCC 405, 436;

[12] (1981) 1 SCC 420; AIR 1981 SC 760. Generally, the Court is inclined against confidentiality and would prefer an open government. See S.P. Gupta v. Union of India, 1981 Supp SCC 87; AIR 1982 SC 149.

[13] Hirabayashi v. United States, 87 L Ed 1774; 320 US 490, 102 (1942).

[14] Indian Penal Code, 1860

[15] Indian Evidence Act, 1872

[16] Criminal Procedure Code, 1973

[17] Civil Procedure Code,1908

[18] 1975 AIR 266, 1975 SCR (2) 674

[19] 1978 AIR 851, 1978 SCR (3) 272

[1] (2014) 4 SCC 379

[2] (2021) 2 SCC 1.

[3] Mohammad Nevisandeh, The Nature of Arbitration Agreement, Procedia Economics and Finance, Volume 36,2016, Pg 314-320.

[4] Goel, Shivam. (2015). International Commercial Arbitration - India. SSRN Electronic Journal.

[5] Sir Michael John, Transnational Arbitration in English Law, 133, CURRENT LEGAL PROBLEMS, 1984

[6] (2021) 4 SCC 379.

[7] (2021) 4 SCC 379.

[8] (2011) 14 SCC 66.

[9] (2019) 9 SCC 209.

[10]  (2021) 2 SCC 1.

[11]  2023 SCC OnLine Bom 652

[12]  2022 SCC OnLine SC 1464.

[13]  UNCITRAL Model Law,1985, Art 7.

[14] WTO,TRIPS, MODULE IX, DISPUTE PREVENTION AND SETTLEMENT, 151, modules9_e.pdf (wto.org) .

[15] Zhang, Luping and Uva, Rita, The Role of Arbitration in International Civil Aviation Disputes (December 18, 2015).

[16] Shmatenko, Leonid, eSports – 'It's in the Game': The Naissance of a new Field of International Arbitration (April 29, 2021). 40 under 40 International Arbitration 2021, González-Bueno, Carlos (ed.), 393-410.

[17] Cox and Kings Limited v. SAP India Private Limited & Anr, Arbitration Petition (Civil) No. 38/2020.

    Shapoorji Pallonji and Co. Pvt. Ltd. v. Rattan India Power Ltd 2021 SCC OnLine Del 2875.

[18] Section 16(1) of Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996,

Duro Felguera V. Gangavaram ports, 24(2017)9 SCC 729

[19] Vivek Mehta Vs KARRs Designs & Developments, Bombay High Court, A.A. No. 101 of 2016.

[20] M/s. Consolidated Engineering Enterprises vs Principal Secretary, Irrigation Department & Ors. (2008) 7 SCC 169,

Hindustan Zinc Limited Vs Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Limited (2019)17 SCC 82,

Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited Vs Essar Power Limited (2008) 4 SCC 755

[21] (2014) 4 SCC 379

[1] 1954 SCR 1077.

[2] Article.

[3] Indian Constitution.

[4] (1978) 1 SCC 248.

[5] Fundamental Rights.

[6] 1950 SCC 228.

[7] 2021 SCC OnLine MP 1454.

[8] 1995 AIR 264, 1994 SCC (6) 632.

[9] AIR 1997 SC 568.

[10]1949 SCC OnLine US SC 102.

[11] (1978) 1 SCC 248.

[12] 1994 SCC (6) 632.

[13](2017) 10 SCC 1.

[1] (Lata Singh v. State of U.P., (2006) 5 SCC 475)

[2]

[3] (Indra Sarma v. V.K.V. Sarma, (2013) 15 SCC 755 )

[4] Islam, J. u. (n.d.). Live-In Relationships Indian And Internationaln Perspective.

[5] Antony, C. M. (n.d.).

[1] Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.

[2] 2023 6SCC 649

[3] (iiiab) any university or other educational institution existing solely for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit, and which is wholly or substantially financed by the Government

[4] (iiiad) any university or other educational institution existing solely for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit if the aggregate annual receipts of the person from such university or universities or educational institution or educational institutions do not exceed five crore rupees; or

[5] M/s New Noble Educational Society v The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax, (2011) 334 ITR 303

[6] (2011) 334 ITR 303

[7] [1993] 201 ITR 939 (Guj)

[8] Supra Note 5 Para 8.

[9] CIT v. Gurukul Ghatkeswar Trust, (2011) 332 ITR 611 (AP); CIT v. Maharaja Sawai Mansinghji Museum Trust, [1988] 169 ITR 379 (Raj)

[10] Supra Note 5 Para 23 Quoting Para 23.

[11] New Noble Educational Society v. The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax 2023 6SCC 649 Para 32.

[12] Ibid Para 34.

[13] Supra Note 11 para 34

[14] Ibid Para 35.

[15] Supra Note 11 Para 37.

[16] (1976) 1 SCC 324.

[17] Supra Note 11 Para 38.

[18] Additional Commissioner of Income Tax v. Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers’ Association, (1980)2 SCC 31.

[19] Ibid.

[20] Supra Note 11 Para 39.

[21] (1997) 3 SCC 346

[22] Supra Note 11 Para 40.

[23] [2001] 247 ITR 658 (SC)

[24] Ibid Para 42

[25] (2008) 10 SCC 509

[26] Oxford University Press, Supra Note 23

[27] Aditanar, Supra Note 21

[28] (2015) 8 SCC 47.

[29] Supra Note 28 Para 11

[30] Aditanar Educational Institution v. Additional Commissioner of Income Tax (1997) 3 SCC 346.

[31] Ibid.

[32] This condition was propounded in Oxford University Press v. CIT [2001] 247 ITR 658 (SC) where the applicant was a publisher, part of the Oxford University established in the U.K. The assessee did not engage in imparting education, but only in publishing books, periodicals, etc. for profit. Therefore, the court by its majority opinion held that the mere fact that it was part of a university (incorporated or set up abroad) did not entitle it to claim exemption on the ground that it was imparting education in India.

[33]American Hotel and Lodging Association v Central Board of Direct Taxes (2008) 10 SCC 509. It was also held that the stage of examining whether and to what extent profits were generated and how they were utilised was not essential at the time of grant of approval, but rather formed part of the monitoring mechanism.

[34] Queen’s Education Society v. Commissioner of Income Tax (2015) 8 SCC 47.

[35] Supra Note 11 Para 48.

[36] Supra Note 33

[37] Supra Note 34

[38] Supra Note 11 Para 60.

[39] Supra Note 11 Para 63.

[40] Ibid Para 69.

[41] Ibid Para 70.

[42] New Noble Educational Society v. The Chief Commissioner of Income Tax 2023 6SCC 649 Para 76.

[1] The Civil Procedure Code, 1908, § 89, No. 5, Acts of Parliament, 1908 (India)

[2] Chakrapani Misra and Varshini Sunder, Mediation Bill, 2023, Khaitan & Co LLP, Mondaq, Available at: https://www.mondaq.com/india/arbitration--dispute-resolution/1357380/mediation-bill-2023?login=true&debug-domain=.mondaq.com (last visited: 11 September 2023)

[3] Salem Advocate Bar Association v. Union of India (AIR 2005 (SC) 3353)