[1] Penultimate student of BA.LLB(H) from Amity Law School, Lucknow

[2] Assistant Professor of Law from Amity Law School, Lucknow

[3] Zhi-Kai Zhang and others, 'Internet of Things' in Kyunghyun Yook and others (eds), Novel Prospects for Wireless Communication Technology and Data Science (Springer 2022).

[4] 'Internet of Things for Sustainable Community Development' (NITI Aayog, Government of India 2020).

[5] 'Privacy and Security Issues in Internet of Things' (European Union Agency for Cybersecurity 2021).

[6] 'Regulatory Framework for Internet of Things' (Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India 2022).

[7] Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India)

[8] Section 43A, Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India)

[9] Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (Government of India)

[10] Section 70B, Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India)

[11] Section 66E, Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India)

[12] Information Technology (The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team and Manner of Performing Functions and Duties) Rules, 2013 (Government of India)

[13] Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (Government of India)

[14]Information Technology (Intermediaries Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021 (Government of India)

[15] Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (Government of India)

[16] Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India)

[17] Information Technology (The Indian Computer Emergency Response Team and Manner of Performing Functions and Duties) Rules, 2013 (Government of India)

[18] National Cyber Security Policy, 2013 (Government of India)

[19] Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Bill, 2022 (Government of India)

[20] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 1

[21] Narayan Dutt Bhatt v. Union of India (2018) 246 DLT 554

[22] Zainab Bawa and Shirish Ayyar, "Internet of Things (IoT): Privacy & Security Challenges" (2020) 56 Comp World 24.

[23] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[24] Information Technology Act, 2000 (Government of India); Information Technology (Reasonable Security Practices and Procedures and Sensitive Personal Data or Information) Rules, 2011 (Government of India).

[25] Personal Data Protection Bill, 2019 (Government of India).

[26] "Delhi Police's Facial Recognition System Runs Into Legal Challenge" (2020) The Hindu

[27] Arjun Sampat v. Union of India (2014) 214 DLT 283.

[28] "Privacy by Design: An Overview" (2020) Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario.

[29] “Cybersecurity for Internet of Things" (2020) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

[30] "Awareness and Education in Cybersecurity" (2020) Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In).

[31] "Proportionality in Privacy Laws" (2020) Internet Freedom Foundation.

[32] K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (2017) 10 SCC 1.

[33] "Privacy by Design: An Overview" (2020) Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario.

[34] "Cybersecurity for Internet of Things" (2020) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

[35] "Collaborative Governance for Internet of Things (IoT) Security" (2020) World Economic Forum

[36] General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (European Union).

[37] "Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Privacy Guidelines" (2020) International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

[38] "Public-Private Partnerships for Cybersecurity" (2020) National Security Agency (NSA).

[39] Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi (2009) 160 DLT 277.

[40] Arjun Sampat v. Union of India (2014) 214 DLT 283.

[41] Bhopal Smart City: A Case Study" (2020) Smart Cities Mission, Government of India.

[42] Ibid.

[43] "IoT-based Water Quality Monitoring System in Bangalore" (2020) Karnataka Urban Water Supply and Drainage Board.

[44] "Barcelona Smart City Strategy" (2020) Ajuntament de Barcelona.

[45] "Barcelona Smart City Strategy" (2020) Ajuntament de Barcelona.

[46] General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) (European Union).

[47] “San Francisco Smart Parking Project" (2020) San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency.

[48] "Internet of Things (IoT) Security and Privacy Guidelines" (2020) International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

[49] Privacy by Design: An Overview" (2020) Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario.

[50] "Collaborative Governance for Internet of Things (IoT) Security" (2020) World Economic Forum.

[51] "Cybersecurity for Internet of Things" (2020) National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).

[52] "Awareness and Education in Cybersecurity" (2020) Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In).

[53] "Establishing an Independent Data Protection Authority" (2020) European Data Protection Supervisor.

[54] "Importance of International Standards for IoT Deployment" (2020) International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[1] International Labour Organization, "Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture," 3rd ed. (Geneva: ILO, 2018), 15-18.

[2] Government of India, "Annual Report 2021-22," Ministry of Labour and Employment, accessed March 14, 2024, https://labour.gov.in/annual-reports.

[3] Ravi Srivastava, "Modernizing the Informal Sector," Economic and Political Weekly 51, no. 21 (2016): 91-95.

[4] Ravi Kanbur and Arjun Singh Bedi, "The Informalization of the Formal: Towards More Equitable Growth in India," in Inequality and Inclusive Growth in Asia: Policy Issues and Innovations, eds. Ravi Kanbur et al. (London: Routledge, 2019), 127-148.

[5] National Commission for Enterprises in the Unorganised Sector, "Report on Conditions of Work and Promotion of Livelihoods in the Unorganised Sector" (New Delhi: NCEUS, 2007), 53-57

[6] Santosh Mehrotra, "Addressing Informality in India," in Informal Labour Markets and Development, eds. Ashwani Saith et al. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020), 209-235.

[7] Jayati Ghosh, "Towards Universal Social Security in India," Indian Journal of Human Development 15, no. 1 (2021): 41-59.

[8] Jayan Jose Thomas, "Social Security for Unorganized Workers in India," Working Paper No. 2021-04, Centre for Employment Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, 2021.

[9] Rajeev Ahuja, "Institutional Challenges in Implementing Social Security for Unorganized Workers in India," Indian Journal of Labour Economics 60, no. 2 (2017): 197-219.

[10] The Unorganised Workers' Social Security Act, No. 33 of 2008, https://labour.gov.in/sites/default/files/unorganised_workers_act.pdf.

[11] Government of India, "Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maan-dhan (PM-SYM)," Ministry of Labour and Employment, accessed March 14, 2024, https://labour.gov.in/pm-sym.

[12] Government of India, "Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana (PMJJBY)," Ministry of Finance, accessed March 14, 2024, https://financialservices.gov.in/insurance-divisions/Government-Schemes/Pradhan-Mantri-Jeevan-Jyoti-Bima-Yojana-(PMJJBY).

[13] Government of India, "Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana (PMSBY)," Ministry of Finance, accessed March 14, 2024, https://financialservices.gov.in/insurance-divisions/Government-Schemes/Pradhan-Mantri-Suraksha-Bima-Yojana-(PMSBY).

[14] Ruchira Bhattacharya, "Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana: A Case Study from Gujarat," Economic and Political Weekly 55, no. 12 (2020): 46-52.

[15] Government of India, "Atal Pension Yojana (APY)," Ministry of Finance, accessed March 14, 2024, https://financialservices.gov.in/pension-reforms-divisions/Atal-Pension-Yojana.

[16] The Building and Other Construction Workers' Welfare Cess Act, No. 28 of 1996, https://labour.gov.in/sites/default/files/TheBuilding_otherConstruction_Workers_Welfare_CessAct_1996.pdf.

[17] Naresh C. Saxena, "State-Level Initiatives for Social Security of Unorganized Workers in India," Indian Journal of Labour Economics 63, no. 2 (2020): 405-423.

[18] Ratna M. Sudarshan and Ravi Kanbur, "Non-Compliance in Social Security for the Unorganized Sector in India," Economic and Political Weekly 54, no. 34 (2019): 51-58.

[19] Anupama Datta, "Towards a Universal Social Security System for India," Indian Journal of Human Development 15, no. 1 (2021): 60-77.

[20] Kamala Sankaran, "Interrogating the Unorganised Worker in India," Indian Journal of Labour Economics 63, no. 2 (2020): 251-269.

[21] Anindita Chakrabarty, "Financing Social Security in India: An Integrated Approach," Economic and Political Weekly 55, no. 21 (2020): 41-48.

[22] Shailendra Kumar Hooda, "Extending Healthcare Protection to Unorganized Workers in India," Indian Journal of Labour Economics 63, no. 2 (2020): 371

[23] Rathin Roy and Rajeswari Sengupta, "Skilling the Unorganized Sector: A Way Forward," in Informal Sector in India: Perspectives and Policies, eds. Shuramandal Sathe et al. (Singapore: Springer, 2021), 187-211

[24] Rahul Mehrotra and Ravi Somya, "Formalizing the Informal: Strategies and Challenges," Working Paper No. 2022-01, Centre for Policy Research (New Delhi: CPR, 2022).

[25] Ratna M. Sudarshan and Ravi Kanbur, "Collaborative Approaches to Social Security for Unorganized Workers," Indian Journal of Labour Economics 63, no. 2 (2020): 443-459.

[26] Anumeha Yadav, "The Role of Technology in Extending Social Security to Informal Workers in India," Economic and Political Weekly 55, no. 37 (2020): 18-21.

[27] Sarayu Natarajan and Shalini Sinha, "Aadhaar and Social Security for Informal Workers: A Critical Appraisal," Journal of Social Security Studies 2, no. 1 (2021): 87-108

[28] Anirudh Agrawal and Amit Dasgupta, "Digital Solutions for Social Security in the Unorganized Sector," Research Bulletin, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (2022): 1-8

[29] Kathuria and Kedia, "Leveraging Digital Technologies for Social Security in the Informal Sector."

[30] Archana Prasad and Rahul Vishwakarma, "Closing the Digital Divide: Enabling Unorganized Workers' Access to Social Security," Economic and Political Weekly 56, no. 12 (2021): 37-44.

[31] Rishab Bailey and Anamitra Roychowdhury, "Public-Private Partnerships for Digital Inclusion: A Case Study of Social Security Delivery," Journal of Development Studies 58, no. 3 (2022): 501-519.

[32] Arundhati Dasgupta and Sanjit Deb, "Data Privacy and Security Challenges in Digital Social Security Initiatives," Indian Journal of Law and Technology 17, no. 2 (2021): 201-224.

[1] Assistant Professor ,ICFAI Law School IFHE Hyderabad ,nikhilbajpai@ifheindia.org

[2] Student of Law, ICFAI Law School IFHE Hyderabad, sairohan@gmail.com

[3] Marital Rape: The Indian and Global perspective By Manish Dalal

[4]  The Criminalization of Marital Rape in India By Ms. Anushka

[5] Indian Penal Code,1860.

[6] Section 375, Indian Penal Code,1860.

[7] springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-017-9705-3

[8]  Marital rape in India By T.S.Sathyanarayana Rao|| journals.sagepub.com

[9] www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-marital-rape-in-india-the-history-of-the-legal-exception/article65404106.ece

[10] blog.ipleaders.in/legal-framework-marital-rape-india

[11] Judicial Approaches to the criminalization of marital rape By Vijay Singh

[12]  The Criminal Law (Amendment) Bill of 2013

[13]  Societal issues relating to marital rape in India: an overview By Vinayak Raina

[14]  Marital Rape and its impact on the mental health of women in India By Nandini AAgarwal

[15] https://www.barandbench.com/columns/just-law-controversy-around-marital-rape-part-i

[16] www.deccanherald.com/india/the-debate-over-marital-rape-what-courts-have-said-so-far

[17] www.opindia.com/2022/01/marital-rape-debate-explained-arguments-for-and-against/

[18]  indiankanoon.org/doc/87705010

[19] www.indiatoday.in/law/story/explainer-the-debate-over-marital-rape-1903050-2022-01-21

[20]www.researchgate.net/publication/374418837_Exploring_Concerns_Associated_With_Marital_Rape_In_India_An_In-Depth_Legal_Analysis_Section_A-Research_paper_Eur

[21] www.barandbench.com/columns/just-law-controversy-around-marital-rape-part-i

[1] UN Women. (n.d.). Gender Equality and Education. Retrieved from

 https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/education

[2] UN Women. (n.d.). Gender Equality and Education. Retrieved from

 https://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/education

[3] UNESCO. (2020). Gender and Education for All: The Leap to Equality. Retrieved from https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000373208

[4] Ibid

[5] Kabeer, N. (2005). Gender equality and women's empowerment: A critical analysis of the third Millennium Development Goal. Gender & Development, 13(1), 13-24.

[6] Ibid

[7] UNICEF. (2016). Education and gender equality. Retrieved from https://www.unicef.org/education/gender-equality

[8] Ibid

[9]United Nations Girls' Education Initiative (UNGEI). (2014). Girls' Education: A Lifeline to Development. Retrieved from https://www.ungei.org/sites/default/files/un_gei_factsheet_web_october2014.pdf

[10] Ibid

[11]  "Early Childhood Education: Society and Culture"

Authors: Angela Anning, Joy Cullen, Marilyn Fleer

Publisher: SAGE Publications Ltd

Publication Date: December 15, 2007

ISBN-10: 1412935773

ISBN-13: 978-1412935773

[12] Ibid

[13] Ibid

[14] Rao, V., & Kelleher, D. (2018). "Addressing Gender Inequalities: The Role of Public Services." International Journal of Gender and Women's Studies, 6(1), 1-17.

[15] Ibid

[16] Save the Children. (2019). "Girls’ Education: Case Studies from Across the World." Save the Children.

[17] Ibid

[1] Student at Alliance University

[2] Constitution of India, Article 356

[3] Constitution of India, Article 355

[4] Anil Kumar Dubey, ‘Presidential Takeover of State Government’ [2018 Summer Issue] ILI Law Review

[5] 7 Anil Ghanghas, ‘State emergency under article 356 vis-à-vis Indian Federalism’

[6] AIR 1973 SUPREME COURT 1461, 1973 4 SCC 225

[7]  Government of India Act 1935

[8]  National Commission to Review the Working of the Constitution, ‘A Consultation Paper on Article 356 of the

Constitution’’ (The Hindu Centre, 2002)

 https://www.thehinducentre.com/multimedia/archive/03091/ncrwc_3091109a.pdf

[9] Sarkaria Commission Report 1987, Ch VI

[10] SR Bommai v Union of India (1994) 3 SCC 1

[11] Air 1993 mp 214

[12] Id.

[13] S. R. BOMMAI v. Union of India, (1994) 3 SCC 1

[14] AIR 1977 SC 1361

[15] Dubey (n 5)

[16] West Bengal Government Document of 1 December 1977 (West Bengal Memorandum)

[17] Dubey (n 5)

[1] https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/legal/article-13278-right-to-vote-a-statutory-right-or-constitutional-right.html

[2] AIR 2000 SUPREME COURT 2587

[3] 1993 AIR 2024

[4] Article 326 in Constitution of India, Elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of adult suffrage.

[5] https://lawcorner.in/right-to-vote-in-india/#History_of_Right_to_Vote_in_India

[6] 1982 AIR 983

[7] Article 14 of the Constitution is part of the Fundamental rights under Part 111 of the Indian Constitution.

[8]1952 AIR 64, 1952 SCR 218

[9] The Registration of Electors Rules, 1960, available at: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/191541151/ (Last visited on March 21, 2022)

[10]1954 AIR 210, 1954 SCR 892, AIR 1954 SUPREME COURT 210

[11] The conduct of Election Rules, 1961, available at: https://indiankanoon.org/doc/45933417/ (Last visited on March 21, 2022).

[12] Legal Research Development An International Refereed e-Journal ISSN: 2456-3870, Journal home page: http://www.lrdjournal.com

[13] https://lawcorner.in/right-to-vote-in-india/#History_of_Right_to_Vote_in_India