[1] National Crime Record Bureau (NCRB) and the Prison Statistics India (PSI).

[2] https://ncrb.gov.in/en/prison-statistics-india

[3] https://ncrb.gov.in/en/Crime-in-India-2020

[1] EPW Engage, 'Article 370: A Short History of Kashmir’s Accession to India' (6 August 2023) Economic and Political Weekly (Engage) <https://www.epw.in/engage/article/article-370-short-history-kashmirs-accession-india> accessed 28 December 2023

[2] M.Laxmikanth, Governance in India (2nd edn, McGraw Hill Education India Pvt Ltd 2016) 16.1-16.3

[3] Shekhar Bandopadhyay, From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India (Orient Longman Private Limited 2004) 227-262

[4] Bipin Chandra, History of Modern India (Orient BlackSwan Pvt Ltd 2009)

[5] In Re : Article 370 of the Constitution [2023] INSC 1058

[6] ibid

[7] ibid

[8] ibid [149]

[9] ibid [229]

[10] ibid [514 (e)]

[11] ibid [514 (h)]

[12] ibid [514 (g)]

[13] ibid [514 (n)]

[14] Government of India, 'Impact of Abrogation of Article 370 On J&K' (3 February 2021) Ministry of Home Affairs accessed 28 December 2023

[15] In Re : Article 370 of the Constitution [2023] INSC 1058

[1] Devadasan Pradeep, Kalicharan, M, “Social Security Measures For Indian Workforce - A Legal Intervention” (2016/01/01)https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309573528_Social_Security_Measures_For_Indian_Workfor ce_-_A_Legal_Intervention ,(accessed 22nd February;2024,09:50 a.m.)

[2]Chapter 2, Conceptual Frame Work of Social Security https://sg.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/105639/7/07_chapter%202.pdf,(accessed 22nd February;2024,09:50 a.m.)

[3] UNDP. 1993. Human Development Report 1993. http://www.hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr1993." Last accessed 22nd Febraury2024, 07:20 A.M.

[4] Giri (V.V.), "Labour problems in Indian IndustryJ', (Bombay: Asia Publishing House), 1972 edition, P-269.

[5] Supra note 2.

[6] Article 22 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

[7] Deepa Krishnan,WORLD VIEW, As India advances, women’s workforce participation plummets, (May 15, 2020)https://www.strategy-business.com/blog/As-India-advances-womens-workforce-participation plummets?gko=762f7, last accessed on 24th Febrauary 2024,08:55 P.M.

[8] Facts on Social Security International Labour Organization, https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/-- dgreports/---dcomm/documents/publication/wcms_067588.pdf. accessed on 24th February 2024,09:15 P.M.

[9] 9(Economy) Social Security : Maning and Laws in India,https://mrunal.org/2012/07/economy-social-security epfo.html. Last accessed on 24th Febrauary 2024 , 09:20 P.M.

[10] Id.

[11] Harsimran Singh,Singh & Associates; India: The (Draft) Labour Code On Social Security 2018 (21 May 2018), https://www.mondaq.com/india/employee-benefits-compensation/702902/the-draft-labour-code-on-social-security 2018, accessed 25th Febrauary 2024,05:55 P.M.

[12] Id

[13] Supra note 7.

[14] Supra note 1.

[15] Ministry of Labor and Employment, Labor Code on Social Security, 2018, (25th February, 2024, 20:30), https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Draft%20Labour%20Code%20on%20Social%20Security%2C %202018.pdf

[16] Ministry of Labor and Employment, Labor Code on Social Security, 2018, https://www.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/bill_files/Draft%20Labour%20Code%20on%20Social%20Security%2C %202018.pdf

[17] Supra note 16.

[18] Harsimran Singh, The (draft) labor code on social security, 2018, (25th February, 2024, 20:45), https://www.mondaq.com/india/employee-benefits-compensation/702902/the-draft-labour-code-on-social-security2018#:~:text=%20India%3A%20The%20%28Draft%29%20Labour%20Code%20On%20Social,Code%20intends% 20to%20pass%20on%20its...%20More%20;

[19] Id.

[20] E. Pinto, Proposed Labour Code Aims to provide Social Security to all, (24th Febrauary, 2024, 23:35), https://thewire.in/economy/labour-code-social-security-to-all-but-at-the-cost-of-workers-voices.

[1] John Perry Barlow, A Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, 18 DLTR 5-7 (2019)

[2] V Nagaraju, L Fiondella, T Wandji, An Open-Source Tool to Support the Quantitative Assessment of Cyber Security for Software Intensive System Acquisition, 16 JIW 31-50 ( 2017)

[3] Altay Aksulu, A Comprehensive Review and Synthesis of Open Source Research, 11 JAIS 576-656 (2010)

[4] Stephen Mason, Andrew Sheldon, Hein Dries, Proof: the technical collection and examination of electronic evidence 9 ULP (2017­)

[5] Id.

[6] Supra note 2 at 4

[7]An Open and Secure Internet: We Must Have Both, US Department of State available at: https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2015/05/242553.htm (last visited on Seo 07, 2023)

[8] The Ethics of Privacy Protection (June 2, 2020) available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3296 (last visited on Seo 07, 2023)

[9] Debashree Debnath, Cyber crime in Social media Issue and challenges, 3 IJLMH 2153-217- (2020)

[10] Id.

[11] Josh Lerner, Jean Tirole, The Economics of Technology Sharing: Open Source and Beyond 19 JEP 90-120 (2005).

[12] Id.

[13] Id.

[14] Id.

[15] Ratan Lal & Dhiraj Lal, The Law of Evidence (Lexis Nexis, Delhi, 2017)

[16] Abhinav Prakash, Law of Evidence (Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 2019)

[17] Supra note 11 at 8

[18] Bianna E. Ine, Hidden in Plain Sight: The Ever-Increasing Use of Open Source Intelligence 29 AIJ 141-144 (2011).

[19] Theodora Vardouli, Leah Buechley Leonardo, Open Source Architecture: An Exploration of Source Code and Access in Architectural Design Leonardo, 47 MIT 51-55 (2014)

[20] P. Cortes “A European Legal Perspective on Consumer Online Dispute Resolution’’ 15 CTLR 90-100 (2009)

[21] Id.

[22] Id.

[23] Supra at 21

[24] Supra note 15 at 9

[25] Id at 21

[26] Id at 27

[27] The Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000), s. 65B

[28] The Information Technology Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000), s. 85

[29] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act no 1 of 1872) s.3

[30] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act no 1 of 1872) s. 65B

[31] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act no 1 of 1872) s. 45A

[32] Id at 30

[33] Supra note 20 at 10

[34] Supra at 30

[35] Supra at 31

[36] Id at 30

[37] Id at 30

[38] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act 1 of 1872), s. 45A

[39] Supra at 30

[40] Supra at 30

[41] Id. at 31

[42] Supra at 30

[43] J. Hoinle, Online Dispute Resolution: The Emperor’s New Clothes, 17 IRLCT 27 (2003)

[44] Orin S. Kerr, Digital Evidence and the New Criminal Procedure 105 CLR 279-318 (2005)

[45] A Davison, The Law of Electronic Commerce (Cambridge University Press, England, 2009)

[46] Shrier D, Canale, G Pentland A, Mobile Money & Payments: Technology Trends (Massachusetts Institutes of Technology Connection Science & Engineering; Cambridge, USA, 2016)

[47] Frank Sylvio Gahapa Talom & Robertson Khan Tengeh, The Impact of Mobile Money on the Financial Performance of the SMEs in Douala, Cameroon (Journal of Bank Management, Finance and Sustainability, India 2019)

[48] Digital Business in Belgium, available at: https://ca.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-620-2591?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default) (last visited on Sept 08, 2023)

[49] 2012 US 457 SC

[50] 2009 UK 732 OB

[51] CA 2013 SC 247

[52] 2014 AU (357) SC

[53] 2014 SCC Online 254

[54] 2018 SCC Online 355

[1] Anand Thapai, “History & Evolution of Stock Exchanges in India”, Academia, at 12-14, available at - (PDF) Chapter II History & Evolution of Stock Exchanges in India | Anand Thapai - Academia.edu.

[2] ‘SEBI | About SEBI’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/about-sebi.html> accessed 5 February 2024.

[3] Ibid

[4] ‘SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992 (As Amended by the Finance Act, 2021 (13 of 2021) w.e.f. April 1, 2021)’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/acts/jan-1992/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-act-1992-as-amended-by-the-finance-act-2021-13-of-2021-w-e-f-april-1-2021-_3.html> accessed 5 February 2024.

[5] ‘SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India (Investor Protection and Education Fund) Regulations, 2009 [Last Amended on October 23, 2023]’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/oct-2023/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-investor-protection-and-education-fund-regulations-2009-last-amended-on-october-23-2023-_78920.html> accessed 5 February 2024.

[6] Ibid

[7] SEBI | Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (As Amended by the Finance Act, 2021 (13 of 2021) w.e.f. April 1, 2021)’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/acts/apr-2021/securities-contracts-regulation-act-1956-as-amended-by-the-finance-act-2021-13-of-2021-w-e-f-april-1-2021-_49750.html> accessed 5 February 2024.

[8] ‘SEBI | Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 (As Amended by the Finance Act, 2021 (13 of 2021) w.e.f. April 1, 2021)’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/acts/apr-2021/securities-contracts-regulation-act-1956-as-amended-by-the-finance-act-2021-13-of-2021-w-e-f-april-1-2021-_49750.html> accessed 5 February 2024.

[9] C.P. Chandersekhar, Sarat Malik and Akriti, “The elusive retail investors: How deep can (and should) India’s stock markets be?” SEBI DRG study, < elusiveretailinvestor.pdf (sebi.gov.in)> accessed 5 February 2024

[10] Ibid

[11] Supra n. 1

[12] ‘History and Milestones’ <https://www.bseindia.com/static/about/History_Milestones.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[13] Companies Act, 2013, available at <https://www.mca.gov.in/content/mca/global/en/acts-rules/ebooks/acts.html?act=NTk2MQ==> accessed 9 March 2024.

[14] Ibid at S. 194

[15] ‘SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 [Last Amended on November 24, 2022’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/nov-2022/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-prohibition-of-insider-trading-regulations-2015-last-amended-on-november-24-2022_65864.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[16] Reg 2(d) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[17] Mr Neeraj Jain v SEBI, AO Order No. PB/AO-16/2011

[18] Reg 2(g) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[19] SEBI v Reliance Industries Ltd, [2004] 63 CLA 252 (SAT - Mumbai)/[2004] 55 SCL 81 (SAT - Mumbai)[31-08-2004]

[20] Reg 2(l) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[21] Reg 2(n) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[22] Cha II of PIT Regulation 2015

[23] Reg 3 of PIT Regulations, 2015.

[24] Mr. Naval Chaudhary v SEBI, AO Order No. PB/AO-15/2011

[25] Reg 3(3) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[26] Reg 3(4) of PIT Regulations, 2015

[27] Reg 4 of PIT Regulations, 2015

[28] Reg 5 of PIT Regulations, 2015.

[29] Ibid

[30] ‘SEBI | Securities and Exchange Board of India (Prohibition of Insider Trading) Regulations, 2015 [Last Amended on November 24, 2022’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/legal/regulations/nov-2022/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-prohibition-of-insider-trading-regulations-2015-last-amended-on-november-24-2022_65864.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[31] Reg 6 of PIT Regulations, 2015

[32] Reg 7 of PIT Regulations, 2015

[33] Reg 8 of PIT Regulations, 2015

[34] Reg 9A of PIT Regulations, 2015

[35] ‘SEBI | Order in the Matter of Reliance Petroleum Limited <https://www.sebi.gov.in/enforcement/orders/mar-2017/order-in-the-matter-of-reliance-petroleum-limited_34432.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[36] SEBI v Ranish Harebhai, Adjudication Order No . Order/BD/VS/2020 - 21/ 8849

[37] SEBI v Mindtree, Adjudication Order No. Order/PM/PA/2021 - 22/14587

[38] Rakesh Agarwal v SEBI, SAT Appeal No 33 of 2001, SAT Mumbai

[39] Ibid

[40] DSQ Holdings Ltd. v SEBI, 60 SCL 156, 2005, SAT Mumbai

[41] Supra at 30

[42] Supra at 32 Para 6.4.18

[43] ‘SEBI | Adjudication Order in Respect of Parthiv Dalal and Shruti Vora in the Matter of Circulation of UPSI through WhatsApp Messages with Respect to ITC Ltd.’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/enforcement/orders/oct-2022/adjudication-order-in-respect-of-parthiv-dalal-and-shruti-vora-in-the-matter-of-circulation-of-upsi-through-whatsapp-messages-with-respect-to-itc-ltd-_64514.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[44] ‘SEBI | In the Matter of Chandrakala Vs AO, SEBI’ <https://www.sebi.gov.in/enforcement/orders/jan-2012/in-the-matter-of-chandrakala-vs-ao-sebi_27299.html> accessed 9 March 2024.

[45] Balram Garg v. SEBI, 2022 SCC Online SC 472