[1] In the report: Sextortion A crime of corruption and sexual exploitation, the defintion of the word sextortion is given. The international Association Of Women Judges have defined sextortion as “[A] form of sexual exploitation and corruption that occurs when people in positions of authority whether government officials, judges, educators, law enforcement personnel, or employers seek to extort sexual favours in exchange for something within their power to grant or withhold. In effect, sextortion is a form of corruption in which sex, rather than money, is the currency of the bribe.” in IAWJ, Twenty Five Years of Judging for Equality (2016) 179.

[2] Personality rights, also known as the 'right of publicity,' acknowledge an individual's status as both a physical and spiritual being, ensuring their enjoyment of their own sense of existence. It encompasses various laws related to personality, and it grants individuals, particularly public figures or celebrities, the authority to manage and regulate the commercial use of their identity.

[3] This famous phrase was given by Lincoln in his Gettsysburg Address on 19th November 1863 in the memory of the fallen soldiers who took part in the battle of Gettysburg during the American Civil War

[4]  Regime change due to death of Jawaharla Nehru, Assassinations of Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gndhi

[5]Martin Giles, The GANfather: The man who’s given machines the gift of imagination, MIT Technology Review (Feb. 21, 2018), https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/02/21/145289/the-ganfather-the-man-whos-given-machines-the-gift-of-imagination/.

[6] Id

[7] Id

[8] Tackling deepfakes in European policy, European Parliament (July 30, 2021), https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_STU(2021)690039.

[9] Exeter, D.J., Ameratunga, S., Ratima, M., Morton, S., Dickson, M., Hsu, D. and Jackson, R., 2010. Student engagement in very large classes: The teachers’ perspective. Studies in higher education, 35(7), pp.761-775.

[10] Kevin Mcspadden, You Now Have a Shorter Attention Span Than a Goldfish, Time (May 14, 2015), https://time.com/3858309/attention-spans-goldfish/.

[11](e.g., Allen and Smith, 2012; Kay, 2012; Lloyd and Robertson, 2012; Rackaway, 2012; Hsin and Cigas, 2013; Stockwell et al., 2015). - Cynthia J Brame & Kathryn E Perez, Effective Educational Videos: Principles and Guidelines for Maximizing Student Learning From Video Content, 15 CBE - Life Sciences Education (2017).

[12] Bobby Chesney & Danielle Citron, Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security, 107 California Law Review 1753 (2019).

[13] Id

[14] Id

[15] Id

[16] Tim Smedley, Is public speaking fear limiting your career?, BBC (Mar. 22, 2017), https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170321-is-public-speaking-fear-limiting-your-career.

[17]Deepfake shows its positive face (2023) University of Bath. Available at: https://www.bath.ac.uk/announcements/deepfake-shows-its-positive-face/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[18] Id

[19]  Govt directs social media platforms to comply with it rules amid concerns over deepfakes (2023) The Indian Express. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/india/govt-social-media-platforms-it-rules-concerns-deepfakes-9083707/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[20] G, M.C. (2024) Why 2024 could be among India’s most consequential elections, The Indian Express. Available at: https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-politics/looking-at-2024-politics-on-the-front-burner-in-an-election-year-9082634/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[21] Cahlan, S. (2020) How misinformation helped spark an attempted coup in Gabon. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/02/13/how-sick-president-suspect-video-helped-sparked-an-attempted-coup-gabon/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[22] Operation Deepfakes: India Today uncovers tech manipulators out to influence voters, polls (2023) India Today. Available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/india/video/operation-deepfakes-india-today-uncovers-tech-manipulators-out-to-influence-voters-polls-2480813-2023-12-26 (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[23]Saha, B. and Tiwari, S. (2023) How deepfakes could impact Indian elections, India Today. Available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/elections/story/how-deepfakes-could-impact-indian-elections-2464241-2023-11-17 (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[24] Section 356 language is broad enough to include deepfake videos also, give a short explanation

[25] Due to low technical ablities to detect deep-fakes accompanied by the democratisation of the technology, everybody having access to it.

[26] Dr. A. Shaji George (2023) “Regulating Deepfakes to Protect Indian Elections”, Partners Universal Innovative Research Publication, 1(2), pp. 75–92. doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10154619.

[27] 19)Yinuo Geng*CITE AS: 7 GEO. L. TECH. REv. 157 (2023) - Geng, Y. (2023) Comparing ‘deepfake’ regulatory regimes in the United States, the European Union, and China, Georgetown Law Technology Review. Available at: https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/comparing-deepfake-regulatory-regimes-in-the-united-states-the-european-union-and-china/GLTR-01-2023/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[28] Section 2010, division 20 of california election code

[29]  Section 2010 (b) (1), (b) (2)

[30]  Section 2010 (b) (3)

[31]  Section 2010 (d) (2) (3) (4) (5), most prominent exceptions are  broadcast made in goodfaith, with disclaimer of deepfake, publication of deepfake of general interest with disclaimer of it being a deepfake, deepfakes that constitute satire or parody.

[32]  Peng, C. (2022) CAC issues landmark rule to rein in Deepfake Misuse, Lexology. Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=a8dda00e-1f3b-4c99-a098-2a9e395d8c65 (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[33]  id

[34] Jayanta Deka / TNN / Updated: Sep 10, 2013 (no date) Muzaffarnagar riots: On Social Media, rumours and Anger: India News - Times of India, The Times of India. Available at: https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Muzaffarnagar-riots-On-social-media-rumours-and-anger/articleshow/22446959.cms (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[35] India Hunts ‘Fake News’ spreaders after anti-Muslim attacks (2021) The Guardian. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/nov/07/india-hunts-fake-news-spreaders-after-anti-muslim-attacks (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[36] Arun, C. and Nayak, N. (2016) Preliminary findings on online hate speech and the law in India, SSRN. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2882238 (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[37] Samuels, E. (2020) How misinformation on WhatsApp led to a mob killing in India. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/02/21/how-misinformation-whatsapp-led-deathly-mob-lynching-india/ (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[38] Arun, C. (2019) On WhatsApp, rumours, lynchings, and the Indian Government, SSRN. Available at: https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3336127 (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[39] See footnote 12

[40] The Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules, 2021

[41] Rule 4(1) mandates the appointment of a Chief Compliance Officer, a nodal contact person for 24x7 coordination with law enforcement, and a Resident Grievance Officer. Rule 4(2) requires enabling the identification of the first originator of information.

[42] Ziegler, Z., 2023. Michael polányi’s fiduciary program against fake news and deepfake in the digital age. AI & SOCIETY, 38(5), pp.1949-1957.

[43]Standard, B. (2023) AI-powered deepfakes rise in 2023; concerns of its impact on privacy, Business Standard. Available at: https://www.business-standard.com/technology/tech-news/ai-powered-deepfakes-rise-in-2023-concerns-of-its-impact-on-privacy-123123100076_1.html (Accessed: 05 January 2024).

[44] Aakash Sharma, Bollywood to war: How the year of deepfakes unfolded, India Today (Dec. 22, 2023), https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/deepfake-artificial-intelligence-cyber-crime-elections-bollywood-actors-digital-world-2479431-2023-12-22.

[45]  Narayan Namboodiri, Deepfake clips: ‘Sextortionists’ target celebs, Times of India (Feb. 23, 2021), https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/mumbai/deepfake-clips-sextortionists-target-celebs/articleshow/81162493.cms.

[46] Journalist Rana Ayyub Is Fighting to Expose the Truth in India, TIME (Oct. 22, 2021), https://time.com/6108251/rana-ayyub-india-journalism-modi/.

[47] Karen Hao, A horrifying new AI app swaps women into porn videos with a click, MIT Technology Review (Sept. 13, 2021), https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/13/1035449/ai-deepfake-app-face-swaps-women-into-porn/.