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[1] Advocate, District and Sessions Court, Amritsar, Punjab.

[2] Doctrine of Mens Rea and its application under IPC, available at: https://www.legalbites.in/doctrine-of-mens-rea/ (last visited on 10th March 2024)

[3] KD Gaur, Indian Penal Code 167 (Universal Law Publication, Gurgaon, 6th edn., 2018).

[4] Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860), ss. 76-106

[5] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act 01 of 1872), s. 105

[6] Indian Penal Code, 1860 (Act 45 of 1860), s.84

[7] KD Gaur, Indian Penal Code 206 (Universal Law Publication, Gurgaon, 6th edn., 2018).

[8] Suresh Bada Math, Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar, et.al., “Insanity Defense: Past, Present, and Future” 37 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 381-387 (2015).

[9] Neuroscientific Evidence In Courtroom Symposium, available at: https://www.legalserviceindia.com/legal/article-1631-neuroscientific-evidence-in-courtroom-symposium.html (last visited on 10th March 2024).

[10] Ibid

[11] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act 01 of 1872), s. 45

[12] Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act 01 of 1872), s. 45

[13] Vidhika Kapoor, “Medical Evidence and it's Admissibility in Court” 4 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 4603-4609 (2021).

[14] Batuk Lal, Indian Evidence Law 379 (Central Law Agency, Allahabad, 22nd edn., 2018).

[15] Bal Krishna v. Radha Devi, AIR 1989 All. 133.

[16] Vidhika Kapoor, “Medical Evidence and it's Admissibility in Court” 4 International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 4603-4609 (2021).

[17] Aparajitha Rajagopalan and Roja.K, “A Critical Analysis of Admissibility of Medical Evidence” 120 Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics 973 (2018).

[18] Duraipandi Thevar vs. State of Tamil Nadu, AIR 1973 SC 659

[19] Smt. Malindra Bala Mehra vs. Sunil Chandra Ray, AIR 1960 SC 706

[20] Chimanbhai Ukabhai vs. State of Gujarat, MANU/SC/0150/1983.

[21] Awadhesh vs. state of M.P., AIR 1988 SC 1158

[22] Ibid

[23] Mahmood vs. state of U.P., AIR 1976 SC 69

[24] Admissibility of Neuro-scientific evidence in court, available at :https://lawpulse.in/admissibility-of-neuro-scientific-evidence-in-court

[25]Ibid

[26]Ibid

[27]Ibid

[28]Ibid

[29] Accused X vs. The State Of Maharashtra on 12 April, 2019

[30] Surender Mishra vs. State of Jharkhand, AIR 2011 SC 627

[31] Dayabhai Chhaganbhai Thakkar vs. State of Gujarat, AIR 1964 SC 1563

[32] Hari Singh Gond vs. State of MP, AIR 2009 SC 31

[33] State Of Karnataka vs. Paramesh on 25 September, 2020

[34] Shrikant Anandrao Bhosale vs. State of Maharashtra, (2002) 7 SCC 748

[35] Ratan Lal vs State of MP JT, 2002 (7) SC 627

[36] Jai Lal vs. Delhi Administration, AIR 1969 SC 15

[37] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Act 2 of 1974), s. 91

[38] The Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Act 2 of 1974), s. 311

[39] Ratanlal vs. Prahlad Jat, (2017) 9 SCC 340

[40]Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (Act 01 of 1872), s. 129

[41] Ibid

[42] Mental Health Care Act, 2017 (Act 10 of  2017), s. 25

[43]Vinay Basavaraju, Arun Enara, et.al., “Psychiatrist in Court: Indian Scenario” 41 Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 126-132 (2019).

[44] Surendra Koli vs State Of U.P. Ors on 15 February, 2011

[45] Pereira, “Quality Assurance in Forensic Science” 28 Forensic Science International 1-6 (1985).

[46] Admissibility Standards of Scientific Expert Evidence in Criminal Trials, available at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340488857_Admissibility_Standards_of_Scientific_Expert_Evidence_in_Criminal_Trials ( last visited on 10th March 2024)

[47] ibid

[48] Daubert vs. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 125 L Ed 2d 469 (1993)

[49] Admissibility Standards of Scientific Expert Evidence in Criminal Trials, available at : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340488857_Admissibility_Standards_of_Scientific_Expert_Evidence_in_Criminal_Trials ( last visited on 10th March 2024)

[50] Insanity as a defense: A loophole for criminals, available at :https://dejurenexus.com/insanity-as-a-defense-a-loophole-for-criminals/ (last visited on 11th March 2024)

[51] Ibid

[52] Ibid

[53] S. Gopal vs. State of A.P., AIR 1996 SC 2148

[54] Batuk Lal, Indian Evidence Law 392 (Central Law Agency, Allahabad, 22nd edn., 2018).

[55] Ibid

[56] State of Maharashtra vs. Damu Gopinath Shinde, AIR 2000 SC 1691

[57] Malay Kumar Ganguly vs. Sukumar Mukherjee, AIR 2010 SC 1162

[58] State of Maharashtra vs. Sukhdeo Singh, AIR 1992 SC 2100

[59] Donald Shelton, “Twenty-First Century Forensic Science Challenges for Trial Judges in Criminal Cases: Where the ‘Polybutadiene’ Meets the ‘Bitumen’” 18 Widener Law Journal 309-396 (2009).

[60] Magan Bhiarilal vs. State of Punjab, 1977 AIR 1091

[61] Forest Range Officer vs. P. Mohhamad Ali, 1994 AIR 120

[62] Corroboration apropos forensic evidence: implications and precautions, available at: https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=145065017119112027097115020072004027008078002074040050125083064031026027111065014099043027042032027032054066123020004003029113040087059020045095084097015065004083076019073080065077083025112120117122067120116025096124000084125097101082124011099013000086&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE ( last visited on 11th March 2024).

[63] C.E. Pratap, “Evaluating the Scientific Validity of Forensic Evidence in Criminal Trials: Issues and Challenges” 4 Mlj (Crl) 5-13 (2018).

[64] Corroboration apropos forensic evidence: implications and precautions, available at: https://deliverypdf.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=145065017119112027097115020072004027008078002074040050125083064031026027111065014099043027042032027032054066123020004003029113040087059020045095084097015065004083076019073080065077083025112120117122067120116025096124000084125097101082124011099013000086&EXT=pdf&INDEX=TRUE ( last visited on 11th March 2024).

[65]Koehler J., “If the Shoe Fits They Might Acquit: The Value of Forensic Science Testimony” 8 Journal of Empirical Legal Studies 21-48 (2011).