[1] Ph.D. Scholar, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohiya National Law University, Lucknow.

[2] Health and Well-Being, World Health Organisation, available at: https://www.who.int/data/gho/data/major-themes/health-and-well-being#:~:text=The%20WHO%20constitution%20states%3A%20%22Health,of%20mental%20disorders%20or%20disabilities. (last visited on May 01, 2024).

[3] Update on Ratio Of Patients And Doctors Nurses, PIB, available at: https://pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1985423 (last visited on May 11, 2024).

[4] Health Insurance for India’s Missing Middle, Niti Ayog, available at https://www.niti.gov.in/sites/default/files/2023-02/Health-Insurance-for-India%E2%80%99s-Missing-Middle_08-12-2021.pdf (last visited on May 13, 2024).

[5] Ibid.

[6] Id at 08.

[7] Ibid.

[8] Number of lives covered under health insurance in India FY 2016-2023, Statista, available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/657244/number-of-people-with-health-insurance-india/#:~:text=In%20the%20fiscal%20year%20of,the%20lowest%20number%20of%20people (last visited on May 12, 2024).

[9] Annual Report 2022-23, IRDAI, available at https://irdai.gov.in/document-detail?documentId=4273788 (last visited on May 14, 2024).

[10] Sunainaa Chadha, “Unaffordable and complex: Why Indians stay away from health insurance” The Business Standard, available at https://www.business-standard.com/finance/personal-finance/high-premiums-and-more-what-s-keeping-indians-away-from-health-insurance-123070600113_1.html (last visited on May 10, 2024).

[11] Nandini Jain, Why Indians DON’T Buy Health Insurance, Nova Benefits, available at: https://www.novabenefits.com/blog/why-indians-dont-buy-health-insurance

[12] Grievance Redressal Mechanism, IRDAI, available at: https://irdai.gov.in/grievance-redressal-mechanism1(last visited on May 09, 2024).

[13] Health Insurance SCAMS in India 2024, available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JLQHvD7BJCE (last visited on May 12, 2024).

[14] Be Alert, Consumer Education Website, available at: https://policyholder.gov.in/be-alert(last visited on May 13, 2024).

[15] Supra note 12.

[16] Ibid.

[17] Canara Bank v. United India Insurance Co. Ltd., (2020) 3 SCC 455

[18] G. B. Reddy & Bagelkar Akash Kumar, Consumer Protection Act: A Commentary 56 (EBC Publishing (P) Ltd., Lucknow, first edition, 2022).

[19] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (Act 35 of 2019), s. 2(34)

[20] Supra note 18 at 92.

[21] Id at 93.

[22] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (Act 35 of 2019), s. 85

[23] The Consumer Protection Act, 2019 (Act 35 of 2019), s. 19

[1] Principal (FAC), Government Law College, Tirunelveli.

[2] AIR 2002 SC 556

[3] AIR 2017 SC 4161.

[4] AIR 1963 SC 1295.

[5]Domestic Implementation of Human Rights by KaushikDhar (NALSAR) University Feb 19,2012

[6] Custodial death and Anti Torture Law by AyushVerma

[7]AIR 1973 SC 1461

[8] AIR 2000 SC 988.

[9] (1997) 3 SCC 433.

[10]AIR 1997 SC 3011.

[11]AIR 1999 SC 625

[1] Principal (FAC), Government Law College, Tirunelveli.

[2]Constituent Assembly Debates, 30th July 18th Sept 1949. Vol. IX, pp. 1447-98

[3]Article 21 reads: No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.

[4]Maneka Gandhi Vs Union of India AIR 1978 SC 597

[5]Clause (1) of Article 22 No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds, for such arrest nor shall be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice.

[6]"Clause (2) of Article 22: Every person who is arrested and detained in custody shall be produced before the nearest magistrate within a period of twenty-four hours of such arrest excluding the time necessary for the journey from the place of arrest to the court of the magistrate and no such person shall be detained in custody beyond the said period without the authority of a magistrate.

[7]Clause 3(1) & (b) of Article 22; Nothing in clauses (1) and (2) shall apply –(a) to any person who for the time being is an enemy alien. b) to any person who is arrested or detained under any law or providing for preventive detention

[8]By constitution (forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 Sub-clause(a) of clause (7) has been omitted and sub-clause(b) and (c) re-lettered as sub-clauses (a) and (b). But this Amendment has not come into force so far.

[9]Purazlal Lakhanpal Vs Union of India, AIR 1958 SC 163.

[10]Ujagar Singh Vs Punjab, AIR 1952 SC 350

[11]Madhab Roy Vs West Bengal, AIR 1975 SC 225

[12]AIR 1975 SC 255.

[13]Jain, M.P: 'Indian Constitutional Law, N.M. Tripathi Private ltd. Third Edition, 1978, pp 507-508.

[14]Bombay Vs Vaidya, AIR 1951 SC 157.

[15]AIR 1952 SC 350, AIR 1951 SC 174.

[16]Raj Kishore Prasad Vs State of Bihar, AIR 1983 SC 320

[17]Maneka Gandhi Vs Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597. Kamla Vs State of Maharashtra AIR 1981 SC 814

[18]Punkaj Kumar Vs. State of West Bengal A.IR. 1979 SC 97.

[19]K.B. Abdulla Kunhi Vs Union of India, (1991) I SCC 476.

[20]AIR 1981 SC 814.

[21]The (44th Amendment) Act, 1978.

[22]A.K. Roy Vs Union of India AIR 198 CSC 710 p.15.

[23]A.K. Roy Vs Union of India, AIR 1982 SC 710 p.715.

[24]Puranlal lakhanpal Vs Union of India. (1958) SCR 460 p.475

[25]AIR 1950 SC 27

[26]AIR 1973 SC 1425.

[27]Section 9, COFFPOSA: Section 14A, NSA: Section 10, PITNDPS

[28]S.10. COFEPOSA: S.13 PREBLACT & NSA and S.11 PITNDPS.

[29]S.8(c)(d)(e), COFEPOSA: S.11 PREBLACT & NSA and S.9 (c)(d)(e), PITNDPS

[30]West Bengal Vs Ashok Dey, AIR 1972 SC 1660.

[31]AIR 1974 SC 613.

[i] Ralph Lauren, Good Reads, https://www.good reads.com/quotes/538638 – fashion-is-not-necessarily-about-labels-it-is-not-about-brands

[ii] Microfibres Inc Vs Giridhar & Co.2006 (32) PTC 157(Del)

[iii] Case No.CS(OS)1446 of 2011 decided on 15.5.2013

[iv] Some authors add two more to this list-diffusion and bridge.

[v] Nicole Giambarrese, The Look for Less: A survey of intellectual property protections in the Fashion Industry, 26 Tourol.Rev.243(2010)

[vi] Philip Liu, An Open Shield:Antitrust Arguments against Extending copyright protection to Fashion Designs, 23 INFO.&COMM.TECH.L.,159 (2014) 

[vii] Philip Liu, An Open Shield: Antitrust Arguments against Extending Copyright Protection to Fashion Desings, 23 INFO&COMM.TECH.L.159(2014)

[viii] Kimberly A. Harchuck, Fashion Design Protection. The Eternal Plight of the soft sculpture, 4 AKRON INTELLPROP-073 (2010). 

[ix] Manaswini Raj, Flashing Badges and Design-copyright: A case comment, 22 NATL, Sch.India, Rev.199(2010). 

[x] Susanna Monseau, “ European Design Right : A Model for the Protection of All Designers from Piracy”, American Business Law Journal, Vol 46, Issue 1, Spring 2011.

[xi] Case C-345/13, CJEU, June 19,2014.

[xii] Tribunal de commerce, Paris, May 18,1994, E.C.C.1994, 512(Fr)

[xiii] Legge 22 aprile 1941, n.633 in G.U, Jul.7,1941,n.166,art 2(10) (lt.) available at http://wipo.int/wipolex/en/details.jsp?id=10311.

[xiv] Mario Franzosi, Design Protection Italian Style, 1 J. Intellectual Property Law & Prac.599,602 (2006).