[1] (Indian Penal Code, s 375).

[2] Padmakshi Sharma, Plea To Criminalise Marital Rape Livelaw (16 Jan 2023).

[3] Jejeebhoy, S. J., K. G. Santhya and R. Acharya, Health and social consequences of marital violence: A synthesis of evidence from India New Delhi: Population Council and UNFPA (2010).

[4] Ministry of Health & Family Welfare National Family Health Survey (MFHS-5) (2019-2021) <https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/NFHS-5_Phase-II_0.pdf> accessed on March 17, 2023.

[5] Id.

[6] Rosemarie Tong, Feminist Thought: A more comprehensive introduction (2013).

[7] Mary Wollstonecraft, A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (Penguin Classics 1792).

[8] John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women (Longmans 1869).

[9] Id (n6).

[10] Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique (W. W. Norton 1963).

[11] Simone de Beauvoir, The Second Sex (1949).

[12] Id (n6).

[13] Elena Loizidou, The Trouble with Rape: Gender Matters and Legal `Transformations'. Feminist Legal Studies 7, 275–297 (1999).

[14] Saumya Uma, South Asian feminist engagements with law: Some explorations in the context of violence against women Jindal Global Law Review 10, 197–221 (2019).

[15] Shoumik Hassin, ‘Rape is crime of power used to control women’ BDDNews24 (20 May 2017).

[16] Nivedita Menon, Seeing Like a Feminist (Penguin India 2012).

[17] Srimati Basu, Sexual Property: Staging Rape and Marriage in Indian Law and Feminist Theory, Feminist Studies , (Spring 2011) pp. 185-211.

[18] SCC OnLine Guj 732, [128] 65.

[19] Zoya Hussain, Indian Legislature's Stand About Marital Rape Indiatimes (Jul 21, 2022).

[20] Catherine Mackinnon, ‘Feminism, Marxism, Method, and the State: Toward Feminist Jurisprudence’, (1983) 8 Signs 635-658.

[21] (Indian Penal Code, s 376A).

[22] Payal Gwalani, Men’s rights activists threaten hunger strike against marital rape PIL in SC, HindustanTimes (Feb 27, 2023).

[23] Robin West ‘Jurisprudence and Gender’ (1988) 55 University of Chicago Law Review 1.

[24] Andrea Dworkin, Pornography : men possessing women (Women's Press, London, 1981).

[25] Kristen Ghodsee, Why Women Have Better Sex Under Socialism (2018).

[26] Iris Young, Justice and the politics of difference (1990).

[27] Raveena Rao Kallakuru , Criminalisation of Marital Rape in India (2018).

[1] Sarkar, C. (1987), 'Juvenile Delinquency in India: an Etiological Analysis.' Daya Pub. House, Delhi, pp. 39-154.

[2] K. Kusum, 'Juvenile Delinquency- A Socio-legal Study'(1979) Published by KLM Book House, New Delhi

[3] Singh, R.S. (1948) Juvenile Delinquency in India Lucknow: The Universal Publishers Ltd., Sociological Review.

[4] Sugata Menon (2000), Young Criminals: Crime and Punishment in Juvenile Delinquency, Hard Back media, ISBN 9788173913280

[5] Nawaz. Haque (2012) Juvenile Justice System & its Delinquency in India, nawaz.haque@legalserviceindia.com

[6] Singh, R.S. (1948) Juvenile Delinquency in India Lucknow: The Universal Publishers Ltd., Sociological Review. Page 11.

[7] See the Black Dictionary of Law

[8] K. Kusum, 'Juvenile Delinquency- A Socio-legal Study'(1979) Published by KLM Book House, New Delhi, page 44

[9] Ruth Shonle Cavan Theodore N. Ferdinand, Juvenile Delinquency (III Edition): 27

[10] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book Company.P. 22-23

[11] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.45

[12] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60

[13] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book CompanyP.32

[14] Shukla , K. S., Delinquency in India: Causes and Control. A Paper presented in the Seminar on Social defence in India at Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, Aug 13, 1981.

[15] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.54

[16] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.

[17] Sandhu, Harjit (1977). Juvenile delinquency, causes, control and prevention. London: Mac Graw Hill Book Company.P.24

[18] Shukla , K. S., Delinquency in India: Causes and Control. A Paper presented in the Seminar on Social defence in India at Kashi Vidya Peeth, Varanasi, Aug 13, 1981.”:

[19] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.”:”:

[20] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.62.”:”:

[21] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60.”:”:

[22] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.”:”:

[23] Trojannovicz, R.C. Juvenile Delinquency; Concept and Control. New Jersey; Prentice Hall Inc.1973, 57-60

[24] Prino, C.T. & Peyrot, M. (1994) The Effect of Child Physical Abuse and Neglect on Aggressive with Drawn and Prosocial Behaviour. Child Abuse and Neglect, 18(10), 871-884.

[25] Reddy, N.V. (1979). Juvenile Delinquency in Bangalore City-Causesand Curative Measures. In M.B. Buch (Eds) Op Cit.P.73

[26] Hirschi, G. (1979). Causes of Delinquency. Research Bulletin. London: University of California Press.P.68

[27] Sec. 2(12) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[28] Sec. 2(13) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[29] Sec. 2(14) of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[30] Sec. 109 of The Juvenile Justice (Care And Protection of Children) Act, 2015 No. 2 Of 2016

[31] Harbishettar V, Math SB. Violence against women in India: comprehensive care for survivors. Indian j Med Res. 2014;140:111–3. [PMC free article] [PubMed]

[32] Ratanlal & Dhirajlal, The Indian Penal Code 466-467(Justice K.T Thomas, M.A Rashid, LexisNexis, 33rd edition,2016)

[33] Code of Criminal Procedure,1973, Section 318.

[1] Jurisprudence of Juvenile Justice: A Preambular Perspective.

[2] The planning Commission Government in India, “Report of the working Group on Child Rights forthe 12th Five Year Plan (2012- 2017) p. 15.

[3] Kumari Ved: The Juvenile Justice System in India From Welfare to Right, 2004, Oxford UniversityPress, New Delhi, p.11.

[4] Srivastava S.P: Juvenile Justice in India (Policy Program and Perspective), 1989, AjantaPublications (India) Delhi, p. 5.

[5] Report of the Six United Nation Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment ofOffenders, Caracas, Venezuela, August 25, September 5, 1980 at 41.

[6] Seventh United Nations Congress on the Prevention of Crime and the Treatment of Offenders,Report of the Inter regional Preparatory Meeting on Youth Crime and Justice, Beijing, 14-18 May,1984, pp. 13-14.

[7] Ruth Cavan: Juvenile Delinquency (New York: Horper & Row Publishers 1981), at 26.

[8] Section 2 (e) of the Juvenile Justice Act, 1986.

[9] Section 2 (l) of the Juvenile Justice (C&P) Act, 2000.

[10] Sir Cyril Burt, the Young Delinquent 4th Edn, pg. 4, (1996).

[11] Article 1 of Universal Declaration on Human Rights 1948 ( UDHR).

[12] Article 1 United Nations Guidelines for the Prevention of Juvenile Delinquency (RiyadhGuidelines), 1990.

[13] Article 2 Riyadh Guidelines.

[14] Economic and Social Council Resolution 1997/ 30

[15] Section 3 of the Children Pledging of Labour Act, 1933.

[16] Section 2 of the Children Pledging of Labour Act, 1933.

[17] Section 3 (1) (2) of the Employment of Children Act 1938.

[18] Section 1 (2) of the Apprentices Act, 1961.

[19] Asha Bajpai, Child Rights in India, New Delhi Oxford Press, 2006, p. 163.

[20] Section 82 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[21] Section 83 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860.

[22] Section 23 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[23] Section 24 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[24] Section 25 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[25] Section 26 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act, 2000.

[26] SARKAR, Chandana: Juvenile Delinquency in India: An etiologicalAnalysis. (Daya Publishing House, Delhi, 1987)

[27] Section 4 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000.

[28] Section 4(2) of the Juvenile Justice( Care and protection of children) Act, 2000

[29] Section 8 of the Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Act 2000.

[30] AIR 1921 (Oudh) 190

[31] (1982) 1 SCC 480

[32] (1989) 2 SCC 325

[33] (2005) 3 JCC 1313

[34] (1997) 10 SCC 549

[1] https://www.insightsonindia.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Impact-of-Social-Media-on-Society.pdf

[2] https://www.imsuc.ac.in/images/pdf/MediaDiscourseandIndianSociety.pdf

[3] https://www.imsuc.ac.in/images/pdf/MediaDiscourseandIndianSociety.pdf

[4] https://entri.app/blog/social-media-and-its-impact-on-society-upsc-notes/

[5] https://communicationtoday.net/2014/06/30/social-media-impact-on-indian-society/

[6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/communal-violence

[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/%20wiki/Communal_violence

[8] https://www.epw.in/engage/article/dangerous-speech-real-time-social-media-policing-and-communal-violence

[9] https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2014/6/26/india-communal-violence-in-times-of-social-media

[10] https://journals.indexcopernicus.com/api/file/viewByFileId/565582.pdf

[11] https://www.cla-india.com/post/information-technology-intermediary-guidelines-and-digital-media-ethicscode-rules-2021-analysis

[12] https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/%20news/economy/%20policy/india-plans-to-regulate-social-mediaas-it-can-cause-disruption/articleshow/%2071695590.cms

[13] https://www.meity.gov.in/writereaddata/files/Revised-IT-Rules-2021-proposed-amended.pdf

[1] https://thelawbrigade.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/Surbhi-Garg.pdf

[2] https://ijcrt.org/papers/IJCRT2106265.pdf

[1]Black’s Law Dictionary, 11th Edition (2019), p. 1284.

[2]Honoré, A.M. (1961), p. 493.

[3]Merrill, T.W., & Smith, H.E. (2001), p. 361.

[4] Smith, R.E. (2000), p. 449.

[5]Ellickson, R.C. (1998), p. 349.

[1] (1978) 1 SCC 248

[2] (1973) 4 SCC 225

[3] (2017) 10 SCC 1

[4]  (1973) 4 SCC 225

[5] (2018) 1 SCC 791

[6] AIR 1987 SC 1086

[7] (2017) 10 SCC 1

[8] AIR 1976 SC 490

[9] AIR 1980 SC 1789

[10] AIR 1993 SC 477

[11] AIR 2005 SC 3226

[1] Advocate, BA LLB, LLM, NET

[2] (2000) 3 SCC 693.

[3] (2007) 2 SCC 564.

[4] Omitted by the Personal Laws (Amendment) Act, 2019, § 5, No. 6, Acts of Parliament, 2019 (India).

[5] (2009) 1 SCC 42.

[6] (2010) 8 SCC 24.

[7] (2013) 5 SCC 226.

[8] (2018) 4 SCC 501.

[9] (2020) 7 SCC 599.

[10] 2012 SCC OnLine Del 4462.

[11] 2014 SCC OnLine Kar 12715.

[12] Application No. 27720/2019.

[13] Criminal Appeal No.1723 of 2017.

[14] 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 1391.

[15] 2023:DHC:3396.

[16] Shiju Joy A. v. Nisha, 2021 SCC OnLine Ker 1391.

[1] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Commentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg7

[2] Article 3(1) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[3] Article 3(5) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[4] Article 2(b) of the ILO Constitution 1919

[5] Article 7 of the ILO Constitution 1919

[6] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Commentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg199

[7] Article 1 of the Convention Number 144,1976

[8] Article 4 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[9]Article 5 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[10] Article 6 of the Convention Number 144,1976.

[11] https://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_dialogue/---dialogue/documents/publication/wcms_590126.pdf (visited on 28/03/2024)

[12] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg223

[13] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg223

[14] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response, Asia Law House, Pg227.

[15] Prof.Ahmedullah Khan’s Coomentary on the International Labour Organisation and the Indian Response,Asia Law House, Pg227

[16] S.N. MISRA, LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS, 28TH Edition, Central Law Publications,pg no.94

[17] AIR 1960 SC 879

[18] (1955) I LLJ 48

[19] 1983 I LLJ 306

[20] 1986 Lab IC 667 (670) SC.

[21] (1987) I LLJ 300(307).

[22] Tenth Edition,Dr.V.G. GOSWAMI,LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS,CENTRAL LAW AGENCY, PG.1127.

[23]S.N. MISRA, LABOUR & INDUSTRIAL LAWS, 28TH Edition, Central Law Publications,pg no.493 .

[24] Tenth Edition,Dr.V.G. Goswami,Labour & Industrial Laws,Central Law Agency, PG NO.660

[25]   https://labour.gov.in/mainsecretariatdivisions/industrial-tripartite-committees#:~:text=The%20functions%20of%20the%20Industrial,a%20workable%20formula%20agreeable%20to visited on (09/03/2024)

[26] (1983) 1 SCC 228.

[27] V G Mehta, Labour Participation in Management, 20-21

[28] 8th edition,S C Srivastava,  Industrial Relations and Labour Laws, Pg no:88