White Black Legal – International Law Journal

[1] Allied Publishers Pvt Ltd, 1962 Edn., p. 439

[2]https://www.history.com/news/magna-carta-influence-us-constitution-bill-of-rights

[3] 287 US 45

[4] The Constitution of India, 1949

[5] (1981) 1 SCC 98

[6] (1981) 2 SCC 671: AIR 1981 SC 939

[7] (1955) 5 SCC 730.

[8] Section 304 of CrPC, 1973 (1)      Where, in a trial before the Court of Session, the accused is not represented by a pleader, and where it appears to the Court that the accused has not sufficient means to engage a pleader, the Court shall assign a pleader for his defence at the expense of the State.

(2) The High Court may, with the previous approval of the State Government, make rules providing for-

(a) the mode of selecting pleaders for defence under sub- section (1);

(b) the facilities to be allowed to such pleaders by the Courts;

(c) the fees payable to such pleaders by the Government, and generally, for carrying out the purposes of sub- section

The State Government may, by notification, direct that, as from such date as may be specified in the notification, the provisions of sub- sections (1) and (2) shall apply in relation to any class of trials before other Courts in the State as they apply in relation to trials before Courts of Session.

[9] (1) Subject to the provisions of this Order, the Central or State Government may make such supplementary provisions as it thinks fit for providing free legal services to those who have been permitted to sue as indigent persons.

(2) The High Court may, with previous approval of the State Government, make rules for carrying out the supplementary provisions made by the Central or State Government for providing free legal services to indigent persons referred to in sub-rule (1), and such rules may include the nature and extent of such legal services, the conditions under which they may be made available, the matters in respect of which, and the agencies through which, such services may be rendered.

[10] (2000) 7 SCC 264.

[11] Section 2(c) of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987

[1] Chaturvedi, S., Ali, S., Randive, B., Sabde, Y., Diwan, V., & De Costa, A. (2015). Availability and distribution of safe abortion services in rural areas: a facility assessment study in Madhya Pradesh, India. Global Health Action, 8. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.26346

[2] Hirve, S. S. (2004) ‘Abortion Law, Policy and Services in India: A Critical Review’, Reproductive Health Matters, 12(sup24), pp. 114–121. doi: 10.1016/S0968-8080(04)24017-4.

[3] The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971. https://main.mohfw.gov.in/?q=acts-rules-and-standards-health-sector/acts/mtp-act-1971  

[4] Hirve, S. (2004, January 1). Abortion Law, Policy and Services in India: A Critical Review. Reproductive health matters (Print), 12(sup24), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(04)24017-4

[5] Ravindran, T K S. (2014, December 5). Safe, accessible medical abortion in a rural Tamil Nadu clinic, India, but what about sexual and reproductive rights?. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1016/S0968-8080%2814%2943789-3

[6] Mishra S , Rath S K, Unsafe abortion: Combating the silent menace. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res 2021;8(2):146-149 https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijogr.2021.032

[7] Armo M, Babbar K, Unsafe Second- Trimester Medical Abortion in Rural Practice: Declining Child Sex Ratio Could it be Allarming Outcome?. Indian J Obstet Gynecol Res 2015;2(4):206-212

[8] Anusha Ravindra v U.O.I, Writ Petition (Civil) No.

934/2017.

[9] Swati Agarwal and others v U.O.I, Writ Petition

(Civil) No. 825 of 2019.

[10] Rahaman, M., Das, P., Chouhan, P. et al. Examining the rural-urban divide in predisposing, enabling, and need factors of unsafe abortion in India using Andersen’s behavioral model. BMC Public Health 22, 1497 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13912-4

[1] https://www.cbd.int/abs/infokit/brochure-en.pdf(accessed on 30/07/23)

[2] Ibid

[3] Oluwatobiloba Moody, “ADDRESSING BIOPIRACY THROUGH AN ACCESS AND BENEFIT SHARING REGIMECOMPLEX: IN SEARCH OF EFFECTIVE PROTECTION FOR TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE ASSOCIATED WITH GENETIC RESOURCES” (2016), pp. 231-278, available at HeinOnline.(accessed on 02/08/23)

[4]Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expression, WIPO 2020. (accessed on 03/08/23)

[5] Supra note 1 at p.4

[6] Supra note 1 at p.4

[7] Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Taylor and Francis, Earthscan 2 Park Square, Milgon Park, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 4RN 711 Third Aveneu, New York,, NY, 10017, USA. (accessed on 03/08/23)

[8] https://asutoshcollege.in/new-web/Study_Material/CBD.pdf(accessed on 04/08/23)

[9] Art 8(j), Convention on Biological Diversity

[10] Art 10(c), Convention on Biological Diversity

[11] Art 17, Convention on Biological Diversity

[12] Art 18, Convention on Biological Diversity

[13] https://asutoshcollege.in/new-web/Study_Material/CBD.pdf(accessed on 02/08/23)

[14] Dr. Rakesh Shah, IFS , “Access and Benefit Sharing of Biological Resources” https://www.ignfa.gov.in/document/biodiversity-cell-ntfp-related-issues1.pdf(accessed on 18/07/2023)

[15] Art 5(5), Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

[16] Art 7, Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

[17] Art 12, Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

[18] Art 16, Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing

[1] The Constitution of India

[2] “Outlines of Indian Legal & Constitutional History” by MP Jain

[3] “Constitution of India” by PM Bakshi

[4] “Commentary on the Constitution of India” by D.D. Basu

[5] India’s Constitution – Origins and Evolution by S. Pal

[6] About Book-: M P Jain Indian Constitutional Law by M.P. Jain (Author), Justice Jasti Chelameswar (Editor)

[7] The Constitution of India for Children: Written by Subhadra Sen Gupta

[8] V N Shukla's Constitution of India

by Mahendra P Singh

[9] Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth

• [10] About Book-: Introduction to the Constitution of India by DD Basu

[1] H.O. Agrawal, “ International law and Human Rights” 715- 717( 16th ed.)2009.

[2] General Assembly Resolution, 52/160, Dec. 15,1997

[3] Article 3, para 1, Rome Statue

[4] Article 3, para 3, Rome Statue.

[5] Article 13, para (a),  Rome Statue.

[6] M.P.Tondon,V.K.Anand, “International Law and Human Rights”, 469 ( 11th ed. )2010

[7]  M.P. Tondon, V.K. Anand, “International law and Human Rights”, 471(2nd  ed.)2010

[8] Ibid at 8.

[9] Ibid at 470

[10] The Prosecutor v. Thomas Lubanga Daiylo, available at http://www.parl.gc.ca/content/lop/researchpublications/prb0211-e.htm, last seen on 17/06/2024.

[1] [1893] 53 MINN. 214.

[2] Solomon v. Solomon & Co. Ltd. [1897] AC 22.

[3] [1999] 22 SCL 228 (Kar.).

[4] [1986] 59 Comp. Cas. 548.

[5] [1991] 70 Comp. Cas. 127.

[6] (1973) New Delhi LR 637.

[7] Re Augustus Barnett & Sons Ltd., [1986] B CLC 170 Ch. D.

[8] Weeks v. Propert, [1873] L. R. 8 C.P. 427.

[9] AIR 1927 Bom. 371.

[10] [1933] 1 CH 935.

[11] [1982] 2 QB 173.

[12] [1982] 2 QB 173.

[13] [1939] 4 All ER 116 (KB).

[14] [1989] 65 Comp. Cas. 196 (Delhi).

[15]  [1986] 59 Comp. Cas. 134.

[16] [1983] 54 Comp. Cas. 66 (Delhi).

[17] [1987] 62 Comp. Cas. 626 (Delhi).

[18] [1995] 1 Comp. LJ 100 (SC); [1997] 27 CLA 56 (SC).

[19] [1996] 4 SCALE 202.

[20] In Re, Bedrock Ltd., [1998] 17 SCL 385 (Bom.).

[21] [2006] 71 SCL 142 (Delhi).

[1] The Indian Constitution, 1950.

[2] THE INTER-STATE RIVER WATER DISPUTES ACT, 1956https://www.indiacode.nic.in/bitstream/123456789/1664/3/A1956-33.pdf

[3] Ibid

[4] Babulal Parate v. State of Bombay (AIR 1960 SC 51)

[5] Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India (AIR 2000 SC 3751)

[6] Ibid

[7] The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1974

[8] The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,

[9] M.C. Mehta v. Union of India(1997) 1 SCC 388

[10] The Interstate River Water Disputes Act, 1956

[11] Ibid

[12] Ibid

[13] Ibid

[14] Ibid

[15] Ibid

[16] The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunalhttps://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/cauvery-water-dispute/#:~:text=The%20Government%20of%20India%20constituted,Formed.

[17] the Krishna Water Disputes Tribunalhttps://jalshakti-dowr.gov.in/krishna-water-disputes-tribunal/#:~:text=The%20Central%20Government%20vide%20Notification,(ISRWD)%20Act%2C%201956.

[18] The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974

[19] The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986

[20] Ibid

[21] M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987 SCC 1086

[22] Narmada Bachao Andolan v. Union of India (2000 SCC 353)

[23] The Interstate River Water Disputes (ISWD) Act

[1] https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/co2-graph-072623.jpg?w=1536&format=webp

[2] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health

[3] https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/climate-change-and-health

[4] https://onlinedegrees.kent.edu/blog/five-principles-of-social-justice

[5] https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/original-position/

[6] https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-720X.2007.00138.x

[7] https://global.oup.com/academic/product/social-justice-9780195174188?cc=us&lang=en&

[8]https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/josi.12280

[9] https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/human-rights-and-social-justice/book241848

[10]https://styluspub.presswarehouse.com/browse/book/9781620361256/Diversity-Social-Justice-and-Inclusive-Excellence

[11] https://www.thecommons.earth/blog/modern-examples-of-environmental-racism

[12] https://www.yesmagazine.org/environment

[13] https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/environmental-racism

[14] https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/environmental-racism#research

[15] https://www.rti.org/insights/implementing-environmental-justice

[16] https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/yes-environment-can-have-racist-effects-too/

[17] https://www.businessinsider.com/environmental-racism-examples-united-states-2020-8?IR=T#cancer-alley-louisiana-1

[18] https://www.thecommons.earth/blog/modern-examples-of-environmental-racism-in-the-u-s

[19]  https://science.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/co2-graph-072623.jpg?w=1536&format=webp

[20] https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2020/09/22/climate-change-environmental-justice/#:~:text=In 2005, Hurricane Katrina, a Category 3 storm, caused extensive destruction in New Orleans and its environs. More than half of the 1,200 people who died were Black and 80 percent of the homes that were destroyed belonged to Black residents

[21] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227582649_Dumping_in_dixie_Race_class_and_environmental_quality

[22] https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41130-018-0078-5

[23] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030142150900473X

[24] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265202823_Environmental_justice_in_the_21st_century